Я использую PostgreSQL с таблицами закрытия для своих иерархий.
У меня есть одна универсальная хранимая процедура для всей базы данных:
CREATE FUNCTION nomen_tree() RETURNS trigger
LANGUAGE plpgsql
AS $_$
DECLARE
old_parent INTEGER;
new_parent INTEGER;
id_nom INTEGER;
txt_name TEXT;
BEGIN
-- TG_ARGV[0] = name of table with entities with PARENT-CHILD relationships (TBL_ORIG)
-- TG_ARGV[1] = name of helper table with ANCESTOR, CHILD, DEPTH information (TBL_TREE)
-- TG_ARGV[2] = name of the field in TBL_ORIG which is used for the PARENT-CHILD relationship (FLD_PARENT)
IF TG_OP = 'INSERT' THEN
EXECUTE 'INSERT INTO ' || TG_ARGV[1] || ' (child_id,ancestor_id,depth)
SELECT $1.id,$1.id,0 UNION ALL
SELECT $1.id,ancestor_id,depth+1 FROM ' || TG_ARGV[1] || ' WHERE child_id=$1.' || TG_ARGV[2] USING NEW;
ELSE
-- EXECUTE does not support conditional statements inside
EXECUTE 'SELECT $1.' || TG_ARGV[2] || ',$2.' || TG_ARGV[2] INTO old_parent,new_parent USING OLD,NEW;
IF COALESCE(old_parent,0) <> COALESCE(new_parent,0) THEN
EXECUTE '
-- prevent cycles in the tree
UPDATE ' || TG_ARGV[0] || ' SET ' || TG_ARGV[2] || ' = $1.' || TG_ARGV[2]
|| ' WHERE id=$2.' || TG_ARGV[2] || ' AND EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM '
|| TG_ARGV[1] || ' WHERE child_id=$2.' || TG_ARGV[2] || ' AND ancestor_id=$2.id);
-- first remove edges between all old parents of node and its descendants
DELETE FROM ' || TG_ARGV[1] || ' WHERE child_id IN
(SELECT child_id FROM ' || TG_ARGV[1] || ' WHERE ancestor_id = $1.id)
AND ancestor_id IN
(SELECT ancestor_id FROM ' || TG_ARGV[1] || ' WHERE child_id = $1.id AND ancestor_id <> $1.id);
-- then add edges for all new parents ...
INSERT INTO ' || TG_ARGV[1] || ' (child_id,ancestor_id,depth)
SELECT child_id,ancestor_id,d_c+d_a FROM
(SELECT child_id,depth AS d_c FROM ' || TG_ARGV[1] || ' WHERE ancestor_id=$2.id) AS child
CROSS JOIN
(SELECT ancestor_id,depth+1 AS d_a FROM ' || TG_ARGV[1] || ' WHERE child_id=$2.'
|| TG_ARGV[2] || ') AS parent;' USING OLD, NEW;
END IF;
END IF;
RETURN NULL;
END;
$_$;
Затем для каждой таблицы, в которой у меня есть иерархия, я создаю триггер
CREATE TRIGGER nomenclature_tree_tr AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON nomenclature FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE nomen_tree('my_db.nomenclature', 'my_db.nom_helper', 'parent_id');
Для заполнения таблицы закрытия из существующей иерархии я использую эту хранимую процедуру:
CREATE FUNCTION rebuild_tree(tbl_base text, tbl_closure text, fld_parent text) RETURNS void
LANGUAGE plpgsql
AS $$
BEGIN
EXECUTE 'TRUNCATE ' || tbl_closure || ';
INSERT INTO ' || tbl_closure || ' (child_id,ancestor_id,depth)
WITH RECURSIVE tree AS
(
SELECT id AS child_id,id AS ancestor_id,0 AS depth FROM ' || tbl_base || '
UNION ALL
SELECT t.id,ancestor_id,depth+1 FROM ' || tbl_base || ' AS t
JOIN tree ON child_id = ' || fld_parent || '
)
SELECT * FROM tree;';
END;
$$;
Таблицы закрытия определяются тремя столбцами - ANCESTOR_ID, DESCENDANT_ID, DEPTH. Можно (и я даже советую) хранить записи с одинаковым значением для ANCESTOR и DESCENDANT и нулевым значением для DEPTH. Это упростит запросы для поиска иерархии. И они действительно очень просты:
-- get all descendants
SELECT tbl_orig.*,depth FROM tbl_closure LEFT JOIN tbl_orig ON descendant_id = tbl_orig.id WHERE ancestor_id = XXX AND depth <> 0;
-- get only direct descendants
SELECT tbl_orig.* FROM tbl_closure LEFT JOIN tbl_orig ON descendant_id = tbl_orig.id WHERE ancestor_id = XXX AND depth = 1;
-- get all ancestors
SELECT tbl_orig.* FROM tbl_closure LEFT JOIN tbl_orig ON ancestor_id = tbl_orig.id WHERE descendant_id = XXX AND depth <> 0;
-- find the deepest level of children
SELECT MAX(depth) FROM tbl_closure WHERE ancestor_id = XXX;