У меня была потребность в нестабильных временных прерываниях (что SIGALARM не может сделать), которые не будут блокироваться time.sleep (чего не может сделать подход на основе потоков). В итоге я скопировал и слегка изменил код отсюда: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577600-queue-for-managing-multiple-sigalrm-alarms-concurr/
Сам код:
#!/usr/bin/python
# lightly modified version of http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577600-queue-for-managing-multiple-sigalrm-alarms-concurr/
"""alarm.py: Permits multiple SIGALRM events to be queued.
Uses a `heapq` to store the objects to be called when an alarm signal is
raised, so that the next alarm is always at the top of the heap.
"""
import heapq
import signal
from time import time
__version__ = '$Revision: 2539 $'.split()[1]
alarmlist = []
__new_alarm = lambda t, f, a, k: (t + time(), f, a, k)
__next_alarm = lambda: int(round(alarmlist[0][0] - time())) if alarmlist else None
__set_alarm = lambda: signal.alarm(max(__next_alarm(), 1))
class TimeoutError(Exception):
def __init__(self, message, id_=None):
self.message = message
self.id_ = id_
class Timeout:
''' id_ allows for nested timeouts. '''
def __init__(self, id_=None, seconds=1, error_message='Timeout'):
self.seconds = seconds
self.error_message = error_message
self.id_ = id_
def handle_timeout(self):
raise TimeoutError(self.error_message, self.id_)
def __enter__(self):
self.this_alarm = alarm(self.seconds, self.handle_timeout)
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
try:
cancel(self.this_alarm)
except ValueError:
pass
def __clear_alarm():
"""Clear an existing alarm.
If the alarm signal was set to a callable other than our own, queue the
previous alarm settings.
"""
oldsec = signal.alarm(0)
oldfunc = signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, __alarm_handler)
if oldsec > 0 and oldfunc != __alarm_handler:
heapq.heappush(alarmlist, (__new_alarm(oldsec, oldfunc, [], {})))
def __alarm_handler(*zargs):
"""Handle an alarm by calling any due heap entries and resetting the alarm.
Note that multiple heap entries might get called, especially if calling an
entry takes a lot of time.
"""
try:
nextt = __next_alarm()
while nextt is not None and nextt <= 0:
(tm, func, args, keys) = heapq.heappop(alarmlist)
func(*args, **keys)
nextt = __next_alarm()
finally:
if alarmlist: __set_alarm()
def alarm(sec, func, *args, **keys):
"""Set an alarm.
When the alarm is raised in `sec` seconds, the handler will call `func`,
passing `args` and `keys`. Return the heap entry (which is just a big
tuple), so that it can be cancelled by calling `cancel()`.
"""
__clear_alarm()
try:
newalarm = __new_alarm(sec, func, args, keys)
heapq.heappush(alarmlist, newalarm)
return newalarm
finally:
__set_alarm()
def cancel(alarm):
"""Cancel an alarm by passing the heap entry returned by `alarm()`.
It is an error to try to cancel an alarm which has already occurred.
"""
__clear_alarm()
try:
alarmlist.remove(alarm)
heapq.heapify(alarmlist)
finally:
if alarmlist: __set_alarm()
и пример использования:
import alarm
from time import sleep
try:
with alarm.Timeout(id_='a', seconds=5):
try:
with alarm.Timeout(id_='b', seconds=2):
sleep(3)
except alarm.TimeoutError as e:
print 'raised', e.id_
sleep(30)
except alarm.TimeoutError as e:
print 'raised', e.id_
else:
print 'nope.'