Примерно так должно работать:
create table leftSide
(
X int,
Y int
)
insert into leftSide select 20, 35
insert into leftSide select 21, 45
insert into leftSide select 21, 52
insert into leftSide select 22, 66
insert into leftSide select 22, 68
insert into leftSide select 22, 77
;WITH MyCte (X, Y, Seq)
AS
(
select X,Y,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY X ORDER BY X) AS Seq
from leftSide
)
select a.*, Diff = (a.Y - coalesce(b.Y,0))
from MyCte a
left join MyCte b
on a.X = b.X
and a.Seq = b.Seq + 1