Другой вариант - использовать функцию cor.test вместо lm:
> x <- c(44.4, 45.9, 41.9, 53.3, 44.7, 44.1, 50.7, 45.2, 60.1)
> y <- c( 2.6, 3.1, 2.5, 5.0, 3.6, 4.0, 5.2, 2.8, 3.8)
> mycor = cor.test(x,y)
> mylm = lm(x~y)
# r and rsquared:
> cor.test(x,y)$estimate ** 2
cor
0.3262484
> summary(lm(x~y))$r.squared
[1] 0.3262484
# P.value
> lmp(lm(x~y)) # Using the lmp function defined in Chase's answer
[1] 0.1081731
> cor.test(x,y)$p.value
[1] 0.1081731