Ниже для BigQuery Standard SQL
#standardSQL
SELECT id, time, color1 AS color, type
FROM `project.dataset.table`
UNION ALL
SELECT id, MIN(time) AS time, color2 AS color, 0 type
FROM `project.dataset.table`
GROUP BY id, color2
Вы можете проверить, поиграть с выше, используя пустышку из вашего вопроса, как показано ниже
#standardSQL
WITH `project.dataset.table` AS (
SELECT 10954 id, '2018-09-09 23:20:01.074 UTC' time, 'yellow' color1, 'blue' color2, 1 type UNION ALL
SELECT 10954, '2018-10-09 20:38:61.151 UTC', 'red', 'blue', 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 20562, '2018-08-09 19:49:14.391 UTC', 'green', 'red', 0 UNION ALL
SELECT 20562, '2017-09-09 17:02:22.903 UTC', 'green', 'red', 1
)
SELECT id, time, color1 AS color, type
FROM `project.dataset.table`
UNION ALL
SELECT id, MIN(time) AS time, color2 AS color, 0 type
FROM `project.dataset.table`
GROUP BY id, color2
-- ORDER BY id
с результатом
Row id time color type
1 10954 2018-09-09 23:20:01.074 UTC yellow 1
2 10954 2018-10-09 20:38:61.151 UTC red 1
3 10954 2018-09-09 23:20:01.074 UTC blue 0
4 20562 2018-08-09 19:49:14.391 UTC green 0
5 20562 2017-09-09 17:02:22.903 UTC green 1
6 20562 2017-09-09 17:02:22.903 UTC red 0