Вы можете попробовать использовать ROW_NUMBER
оконную функцию.
CREATE TABLE T(
"group" varchar(50),
subgroup varchar(50),
"date" date,
action varchar(50)
);
insert into T values ('A','a','2017/09/09','ok');
insert into T values ('A','b','2018/10/17','ko');
insert into T values ('A','c','2018/11/17','wait');
insert into T values ('A','d','2018/12/21','no-action');
insert into T values ('B','e','2020/12/11','nok');
insert into T values ('B','f','2019/11/13','wait');
Запрос 1 :
SELECT "group",date,"action" FROM (
SELECT *,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY "group" order by case when action = 'ok' then 1 else 2 end,date desc) rn
FROM T
)t1
where rn = 1
Результаты :
| group | date | action |
|-------|------------|--------|
| A | 2017-09-09 | ok |
| B | 2020-12-11 | nok |