Используйте reindex
с MultiIndex.from_product
для добавления отсутствующих категорий, а затем groupby
с list
:
df = df.set_index(['day','time', 'category'])
a = df.index.levels[0]
b = range(1,11)
c = df.index.levels[2]
df = df.reindex(pd.MultiIndex.from_product([a,b,c], names=df.index.names), fill_value=0)
df = df.groupby(['day','category'])['count'].apply(list).reset_index()
print (df)
day category count
0 1 a [13, 47, 1, 0, 2, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0]
1 2 a [9, 10, 0, 2, 0, 1, 14, 0, 0, 0]
EDIT:
df = (df.set_index(['day','time', 'category'])['count']
.unstack(1, fill_value=0)
.reindex(columns=range(1,11), fill_value=0))
print (df)
time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
day category
1 a 13 47 1 0 2 4 0 0 0 0
2 a 9 10 0 2 0 1 14 0 0 0
df = df.apply(list, 1).reset_index(name='count')
print (df)
day ... count
0 1 ... [13, 47, 1, 0, 2, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0]
1 2 ... [9, 10, 0, 2, 0, 1, 14, 0, 0, 0]
[2 rows x 3 columns]