Добавление заголовков в cURL сработало!
Пример:
$ch = curl_init("https://insolventies.rechtspraak.nl/Services/VerslagenService/getPdf/01_obr_18_65_F_V_02");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array(
'Connection:keep-alive',
'Cache-Control:max-age=0',
'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests:1',
'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36',
'Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Encoding:gzip, deflate, br',
'Accept-Language:nl-NL,nl;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7',
));
$data = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);