Вы можете попробовать ниже
SET @a = 0;
select (@a:=@a + 1) AS num,* from
(SELECT
std_id,SUM(`read_mark`+`write_mark`+`homework`+`classwork`) AS tot
FROM tbl_exam
where `class_detail_id`=26 AND YEAR(`date`)=1397 GROUP BY `std_id`
ORDER BY tot DESC
)X
Для MYSql версии 8+ вы можете использовать оконную функцию row_number ()
select row_number() over(partition by std_id order by tot desc) as num,*
from
(SELECT
std_id,SUM(`read_mark`+`write_mark`+`homework`+`classwork`) AS tot
FROM tbl_exam
where `class_detail_id`=26 AND YEAR(`date`)=1397 GROUP BY `std_id`
ORDER BY tot DESC
)X