Я хочу спросить об обработке файлов и структуре на языке Си. Мне дано задание, в котором мне нужно иметь файл .txt, содержащий: имена баскетбольных команд, игры, в которых они играли, количество игр, в которых они выиграли и т. Д.
Вот задача:
- Получить данные из указанного пользователем файла .txt (например, " data.txt ")
- Хранить данные в массиве структуры
- Предоставьте пользователю возможность сортировать по имени или общему количеству выигрышей.
Вот пример файла «data.txt»:
Структура: название, сыгранные игры, выиграл дома, проиграл дома, выиграл, проиграл
Fenerbahce-Dogus 25 12 0 10 3
Tofas 25 11 2 9 3
Anadolu-Efe 26 13 1 6 6
Banvit 26 9 4 8 5
Darussafaka 26 11 2 4 9
До сих пор я пытался выделить динамический массив (структуры) и сохранить данные из txt-файла в указанный массив. Тем не менее, программа перестает отвечать немедленно, когда я пытаюсь ввести указанный «data.txt». в качестве ввода. Кто-нибудь может сообщить мне, почему это происходит и что я должен сделать, чтобы обойти эту ошибку?
Вот код:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct {
char *name;
int games;
int winsHome, losesHome;
int winsAway, losesAway;
int winsTotal, losesTotal;
int totalPoints;
} scoreboard;
void Load_Scoreboard_Table(char *, scoreboard *);
int main(){
char fileName[40];
FILE *inputFile;
while (1){
printf("Enter the file name> ");
gets(fileName);
inputFile = fopen(fileName,"r");
if (inputFile != NULL){
break;
}
printf("ERROR: The file %s could not be opened.\n",fileName);
printf("Please verify that the file exists.\n");
}
int listLength=0;
char curChar;
while ((curChar=fgetc(inputFile))!=EOF){
if (curChar=='\n'){
listLength++;
}
}
fclose(inputFile);
scoreboard *scoreboard_table = (scoreboard *)malloc(sizeof(scoreboard) * listLength);
Load_Scoreboard_Table(fileName,scoreboard_table);
return 0;
}
void Load_Scoreboard_Table(char *fileName,scoreboard *scoreboard_table){
FILE *inputFile;
fopen(fileName,"r");
int i=0;
while (fscanf(inputFile, "%s %d %d %d %d %d\n", (scoreboard_table+i)->name,(scoreboard_table+i)->games,(scoreboard_table+i)->winsHome,(scoreboard_table+i)->losesHome,(scoreboard_table+i)->winsAway,(scoreboard_table+i)->losesAway)!=EOF){
(scoreboard_table+i)->winsTotal = (scoreboard_table+i)->winsHome + (scoreboard_table+i)->winsAway;
(scoreboard_table+i)->losesTotal = (scoreboard_table+i)->losesHome + (scoreboard_table+i)->losesAway;
(scoreboard_table+i)->totalPoints = (((scoreboard_table+i)->winsTotal)*2) + (scoreboard_table+i)->losesTotal;
i++;
}
}
Обновление:
Мне удалось прочитать из файла и сохранить его в массиве структуры (также добавлена функция печати). Однако я все еще не могу заставить его перестать зависать после завершения печати функции (он будет зависать после сохранения данных в массиве до этого).
Примечание: я знаю, что многие люди предупреждали меня не использовать get; но мой учитель сказал мне, чтобы использовать это сейчас.
Примечание 2: я решил использовать статическое имя char внутри структуры
Примечание 3: я узнал только о структурах данных сегодня, поэтому я ОЧЕНЬ новичок в этой теме; поэтому, пожалуйста, объясните вещи, не вдаваясь в подробности.
Что может привести к зависанию приведенного ниже кода?
Код:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct { // defining a struct here
char name[40]; // name of the sports club
//clubs containing multiple words should be written in the following format: 'name-name-name'
//ex : 'Anadolu Efe' should be written as 'Anadolu-Efe' in the text file
//This is to avoid confusion when reading from .txt file
int games;
int winsHome, losesHome;
int winsAway, losesAway;
int winsTotal, losesTotal;
int totalPoints;
} scoreboard;
void Load_Scoreboard_Table(char *, scoreboard *); // reads the .txt file and saves the contents into scoreboard_table
void Display_Scoreboard_Table(scoreboard *, int); // displays scoreboard_table, also takes it's size as input
int main(void){
char fileName[40]; // the name of the file will be stored here (ex: data.txt)
FILE *inputFile; // creating a stream to read from .txt file
while (1){ // Ask user for the name of the file until said file is opened for reading
printf("Enter the file name> ");
gets(fileName); // get string input from user that supports space characters (eg: "data.txt")
inputFile = fopen(fileName,"r"); // try opening file in read mode
if (inputFile != NULL){ //if the file has succesfully opened, then break from the loop
break;
}
printf("ERROR: The file %s could not be opened.\n",fileName); //if the file was not succesfully opened, then print appropriate error message
printf("Please verify that the file exists.\n");
}
int listLength=0; //will be used to dynamically allocate memory for scoreboard_table array (array of structs)
int curChar; // I figured that fgetc returns an integer value
while ((curChar=fgetc(inputFile))!=EOF){ //get a character until EOF
if (curChar=='\n'){ //if it's a newline character then we need to allocate more memory for scoreboard_table array
listLength++;
}
}
fclose(inputFile); // close the file as it's job is done
scoreboard *scoreboard_table = malloc(sizeof(scoreboard) * listLength); // allocating enough memory to store the contents of .txt file
Load_Scoreboard_Table(fileName,scoreboard_table); //save the contents of file on scoreboard_table
while (1){
Display_Scoreboard_Table(scoreboard_table,listLength);
break;
}
free(scoreboard_table); //freeing memory allocated for scoreboard_table
return 0;
}
void Load_Scoreboard_Table(char *fileName,scoreboard *scoreboard_table){
FILE *inputFile = fopen(fileName,"r"); // creating stream to read from file
if(inputFile == NULL ) { //checking again just in case there is a problem opening the file
printf("ERROR: The file %s could not be opened.\n",fileName);
exit(1);
}
int i=0,j,k;
//the loop below gets data from .txt file line by line until EOF and stores it in scoreboard_table array
while (fscanf(inputFile,"%s %d %d %d %d %d", (scoreboard_table+i)->name,&(scoreboard_table+i)->games,&(scoreboard_table+i)->winsHome,&(scoreboard_table+i)->losesHome,&(scoreboard_table+i)->winsAway,&(scoreboard_table+i)->losesAway) != EOF){
(scoreboard_table+i)->winsTotal = (scoreboard_table+i)->winsHome + (scoreboard_table+i)->winsAway;
(scoreboard_table+i)->losesTotal = (scoreboard_table+i)->losesHome + (scoreboard_table+i)->losesAway;
(scoreboard_table+i)->totalPoints = (((scoreboard_table+i)->winsTotal)*2) + (scoreboard_table+i)->losesTotal;
i++;
}
//the loop below replaces the '-' characters with ' ' in the name of every scoreboard_table array
for (j=0;j<i;j++){
for (k=0;k<40;k++){
if ((scoreboard_table+i)->name[k] == '-'){
(scoreboard_table+i)->name[k] = ' ';
}
}
}
printf("Score records file has been successfully loaded!\n");
}
void Display_Scoreboard_Table(scoreboard *scoreboard_table,int size){
printf("Team G WH LH WA LA Won Lost Points\n");
int i;
for (i=0;i<=size;i++){
printf("%-40s%5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d\n",(scoreboard_table+i)->name,(scoreboard_table+i)->games,(scoreboard_table+i)->winsHome,(scoreboard_table+i)->losesHome,(scoreboard_table+i)->winsAway,(scoreboard_table+i)->losesAway,(scoreboard_table+i)->winsTotal,(scoreboard_table+i)->losesTotal,(scoreboard_table+i)->totalPoints);
}
}
Спасибо.
Обновление 2 (с рабочим кодом):
Проблема была вызвана тем, что я выделил неправильный объем памяти для массива структур с именем scoreboard_table
. Чтобы быть более точным, я выделял память для массива, который мог бы содержать на 1 строку меньше, чем файл.
Я обновил код еще раз. Теперь он работает ... (По большей части, за исключением случаев, когда вводится неожиданный ввод (например, подача пустого файла или ввод пользователем большего числа символов).)
Этого кода более чем достаточно для моего задания, так как мои учителя не просили о более подробной программе (на самом деле, они действительно злятся, если мы представляем более сложные программы, так как мы еще не узнали о них в классе - вот почему я используя gets()
, а не fgets()
, например).
Однако мне любопытно услышать ваше мнение по этому вопросу. Как вы думаете, что я должен сделать, чтобы улучшить это?
Кстати, я знаю об грамматических ошибках в коде. Это просто потому, что мы должны строго придерживаться формата ввода-вывода в наших назначениях, и вводить вещи по-разному означает потерять очки.
Код:
/* -*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-
~ ~ ~ ~ VERY IMPORTANT ~ ~ ~ ~
The text file containing the data should be written in the following format:
"%s %d %d %d %d %d\n" where
%s is the name of the club
If the name of the club contains more than one word, it should be written without any space characters ' '; instead place dash characters '-'
Example: 'Anadolu Efe' should be written as 'Anadolu-Efe' in the text file
complete line example:
"Anadolu-Efe 26 13 1 6 6"
-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*- */
//including required libraries
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> //used to dynamically allocate memory
#include <string.h> //used for some string manipulation functions
typedef struct { // defining a struct here
char name[40]; // name of the sports club
//clubs containing multiple words should be written in the following format: 'name-name-name'
//ex : 'Anadolu Efe' should be written as 'Anadolu-Efe' in the text file
//This is to avoid confusion when reading from .txt file
int games;
int winsHome, losesHome;
int winsAway, losesAway;
int winsTotal, losesTotal;
int totalPoints;
} scoreboard;
void Load_Scoreboard_Table(char *, scoreboard *); // reads the .txt file and saves the contents into scoreboard_table
void Display_Scoreboard_Table(scoreboard *, int); // displays scoreboard_table, also takes it's size as input
void Search(scoreboard *, int, char *); // searches if a team exists in the scoreboard array and if there is; it prints the stats of the team
void interactive_board(scoreboard *, int, int); // sorts the scoreboard array depending on user input, (sort by: games, points)
/*
This program reads data from a txt data, stores it in an array of structs
The program has the ability to sort the array based on either points or games
It also can search for the name inside said array of structs
*/
int main(){
char fileName[40]; // the name of the file will be stored here (ex: data.txt)
char searchTerm[40]; // search term will be stored here
FILE *inputFile; // creating a stream to read from .txt file
int i; // will be used later in a loop
while (1){ // Ask user for the name of the file until said file is opened for reading
printf("Enter the file name: ");
gets(fileName); // get string input from user that supports space characters (eg: "data.txt")
inputFile = fopen(fileName,"r"); // try opening file in read mode
if (inputFile != NULL){ //if the file has succesfully opened, then break from the loop
break;
}
printf("ERROR: The file %s could not be opened.\n",fileName); //if the file was not succesfully opened, then print appropriate error message
printf("Please verify that the file exists.\n");
}
int listLength=1; //will be used to dynamically allocate memory for scoreboard_table array (array of structs)
int curChar; // I figured that fgetc returns an integer value
while ((curChar=fgetc(inputFile))!=EOF){ //get a character until EOF
if (curChar=='\n'){ //if it's a newline character then we need to allocate more memory for scoreboard_table array
listLength++;
}
}
fclose(inputFile); // close the file as it's job is done
scoreboard *scoreboard_table = malloc(sizeof(scoreboard) * (listLength)); // allocating enough memory to store the contents of .txt file
if (scoreboard_table == NULL){
printf("ERROR: There has been an error allocating memory for scoreboard table array.\n");
exit(1);
}
Load_Scoreboard_Table(fileName,scoreboard_table); //save the contents of file on scoreboard_table
Display_Scoreboard_Table(scoreboard_table,listLength);
while (1){
printf("Enter the name of the team (Exit - X, Sort -S): ");
gets(searchTerm);
i=0;
while (searchTerm[i]!='\0'){
searchTerm[i]=toupper(searchTerm[i]);
i++;
}
if (strcmp(searchTerm,"X")==0){
printf("Bye!\n");
free(scoreboard_table); //freeing memory allocated for scoreboard_table
return 0;
}
else if (strcmp(searchTerm,"S")==0){
printf("Sort by (G: games, P: points): ");
gets(searchTerm);
i=0;
while (searchTerm[i]!='\0'){
searchTerm[i]=toupper(searchTerm[i]);
i++;
}
if (strcmp(searchTerm,"G")==0){
interactive_board(scoreboard_table,listLength,1);
Display_Scoreboard_Table(scoreboard_table,listLength);
}
else if (strcmp(searchTerm,"P")==0){
interactive_board(scoreboard_table,listLength,2);
Display_Scoreboard_Table(scoreboard_table,listLength);
}
else{
printf("ERROR: Invalid input. There is no sort term for '%s'\n",searchTerm);
}
}
else{
Search(scoreboard_table,listLength,searchTerm);
}
}
}
void Load_Scoreboard_Table(char *fileName,scoreboard *scoreboard_table){
FILE *inputFile = fopen(fileName,"r"); // creating stream to read from file
if(inputFile == NULL ) { //checking again just in case there is a problem opening the file
printf("ERROR: The file %s could not be opened.\n",fileName);
exit(1);
}
int i=0,j,k;
//the loop below gets data from .txt file line by line until EOF and stores it in scoreboard_table array
while (fscanf(inputFile,"%s %d %d %d %d %d", (scoreboard_table+i)->name,&(scoreboard_table+i)->games,&(scoreboard_table+i)->winsHome,&(scoreboard_table+i)->losesHome,&(scoreboard_table+i)->winsAway,&(scoreboard_table+i)->losesAway) != EOF){
(scoreboard_table+i)->winsTotal = (scoreboard_table+i)->winsHome + (scoreboard_table+i)->winsAway;
(scoreboard_table+i)->losesTotal = (scoreboard_table+i)->losesHome + (scoreboard_table+i)->losesAway;
(scoreboard_table+i)->totalPoints = (((scoreboard_table+i)->winsTotal)*2) + (scoreboard_table+i)->losesTotal;
i++;
}
//the loop below replaces the '-' characters with ' ' in the name of every scoreboard_table array
for (j=0;j<i;j++){
for (k=0;k<40;k++){
if (*(((*(scoreboard_table+j)).name)+k) == '-' ){ //if the value of name[k] inside scoreboard_table[j] is equal to '-' character
*(((*(scoreboard_table+j)).name)+k) = ' '; //replace the value of scoreboard_table[j].name[k] to ' ' character
}
}
}
fclose(inputFile); // close the file as it's job is done
printf("Score records file has been successfully loaded!\n"); // notify the user that reading from the file has been successful
}
void Display_Scoreboard_Table(scoreboard *scoreboard_table,int size){
printf("\nTeam G WH LH WA LA Won Lost Points\n\n"); // the variables to be shown in table
int i;
for (i=0;i<size;i++){//for every element in scoreboard_table, print the variables stored
printf("%-40s%5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d\n",(scoreboard_table+i)->name,(scoreboard_table+i)->games,(scoreboard_table+i)->winsHome,(scoreboard_table+i)->losesHome,(scoreboard_table+i)->winsAway,(scoreboard_table+i)->losesAway,(scoreboard_table+i)->winsTotal,(scoreboard_table+i)->losesTotal,(scoreboard_table+i)->totalPoints);
}
}
void Search(scoreboard *scoreboard_table, int size, char *searchTerm){ //search for name of team in scoreboard_table
int i,j; //i = index of scoreboard_table array, j = index of name array inside scoreboard_table array
char table_name[40]; // will be used to convert scoreboard_table->name to uppercase and store it
for (i=0;i<size;i++){ // for every element in scoreboard_table
for (j=0;j<40;j++){ // for every character in the name of scoreboard_table[i]->name
table_name[j]=toupper(*(((*(scoreboard_table+i)).name)+j)); //store the upper-case letter of scoreboard_table[i]->name[j] in table_name[j]
}
if (strcmp(table_name,searchTerm)==0){
//if the search term is equal to table_name (which is uppercase version of scoreboard_table[i]->name), then print the statistics and break from the loop.
printf("%s has %d win, %d lost and a total of %d points!\n",(scoreboard_table+i)->name,(scoreboard_table+i)->winsTotal,(scoreboard_table+i)->losesTotal,(scoreboard_table+i)->totalPoints);
break;
}
else if(i==(size-1)){
// if it's the last element of scoreboard_table array and the search term is not equal to scoreboard_table[i]->name
// notify the user that their search term is not found in the scoreboard_table array
printf("That team is unknown! Please try again!\n");
}
}
}
void interactive_board(scoreboard *scoreboard_table, int size, int sort){
//this function sorts the scoreboard_table array using selection sort algorithm
/*
selection sort algorithm sorts an array by repeatedly finding the maximum element from unsorted part and putting it at the beginning.
*/
int i,j,index;
/*
i is used in a for loop to get ith element of scoreboard_table
j is used to determine when the sorting is complete
(ie: if you have a list containing 5 elements, you need to sort the array 4 times at most(in this case, which is selection sort algorithm);
therefore j is used in a for loop : for (j=0;j<(sizeofArray-1);j++)
j is also used to write into jth element of scoreboard_table
*/
int max; //store the max value here
scoreboard temp; //declare a struct named temp, will store temporary data when swapping variables of scoreboard_table array
if (sort==1){ // if sorting based on games
for (j=0;j<size-1;j++){ // explained above, iterate the code below (array) size-1 times
max=(scoreboard_table+size-1)->games; //set max to the last element of the array since this is the unsorted part of array...
index=size-1; //set index to index of last element of the array...
for (i=j;i<size;i++){ //no need to search elements with index less than j since they are already sorted
//therefore start searching elements from j till the last element
if (max<((scoreboard_table+i)->games)){
//if the value of current element > max, then the max value becomes this value and the index of the new max value is stored in index
max=(scoreboard_table+i)->games;
index=i;
}
if (i==(size-1)){ // swap the variables of scoreboard_table[index] with the variables of scoreboard_table[j]
//where j stands for the next unsorted member and index stands for the index of the largest variable
//copy contents of scoreboard_table[j] into temp (BACKUP)
strcpy(temp.name,(scoreboard_table+j)->name);
temp.games=(scoreboard_table+j)->games;
temp.losesAway=(scoreboard_table+j)->losesAway;
temp.losesHome=(scoreboard_table+j)->losesHome;
temp.losesTotal=(scoreboard_table+j)->losesTotal;
temp.totalPoints=(scoreboard_table+j)->totalPoints;
temp.winsAway=(scoreboard_table+j)->winsAway;
temp.winsHome=(scoreboard_table+j)->winsHome;
temp.winsTotal=(scoreboard_table+j)->winsTotal;
//copy contents of scoreboard_table[index] into scoreboard_table[j]
strcpy((scoreboard_table+j)->name,(scoreboard_table+index)->name);
(scoreboard_table+j)->games=(scoreboard_table+index)->games;
(scoreboard_table+j)->losesAway=(scoreboard_table+index)->losesAway;
(scoreboard_table+j)->losesHome=(scoreboard_table+index)->losesHome;
(scoreboard_table+j)->losesTotal=(scoreboard_table+index)->losesTotal;
(scoreboard_table+j)->totalPoints=(scoreboard_table+index)->totalPoints;
(scoreboard_table+j)->winsAway=(scoreboard_table+index)->winsAway;
(scoreboard_table+j)->winsHome=(scoreboard_table+index)->winsHome;
(scoreboard_table+j)->winsTotal=(scoreboard_table+index)->winsTotal;
//copy contents of temp (BACKUP) into scoreboard_table[index]
strcpy((scoreboard_table+index)->name,temp.name);
(scoreboard_table+index)->games=temp.games;
(scoreboard_table+index)->losesAway=temp.losesAway;
(scoreboard_table+index)->losesHome=temp.losesHome;
(scoreboard_table+index)->losesTotal=temp.losesTotal;
(scoreboard_table+index)->totalPoints=temp.totalPoints;
(scoreboard_table+index)->winsAway=temp.winsAway;
(scoreboard_table+index)->winsHome=temp.winsHome;
(scoreboard_table+index)->winsTotal=temp.winsTotal;
}
}
}
}
else{ // if sorting based on points
for (j=0;j<size-1;j++){ // explained above, iterate the code below (array) size-1 times
max=(scoreboard_table+size-1)->totalPoints; //set max to the last element of the array since this is the unsorted part of array...
index=size-1; //set index to index of last element of the array...
for (i=j;i<size;i++){ //no need to search elements with index less than j since they are already sorted
//therefore start searching elements from j till the last element
if (max<((scoreboard_table+i)->totalPoints)){
//if the value of current element > max, then the max value becomes this value and the index of the new max value is stored in index
max=(scoreboard_table+i)->totalPoints;
index=i;
}
if (i==(size-1)){ // swap the variables of scoreboard_table[index] with the variables of scoreboard_table[j]
//where j stands for the next unsorted member and index stands for the index of the largest variable
//copy contents of scoreboard_table[j] into temp (BACKUP)
strcpy(temp.name,(scoreboard_table+j)->name);
temp.games=(scoreboard_table+j)->games;
temp.losesAway=(scoreboard_table+j)->losesAway;
temp.losesHome=(scoreboard_table+j)->losesHome;
temp.losesTotal=(scoreboard_table+j)->losesTotal;
temp.totalPoints=(scoreboard_table+j)->totalPoints;
temp.winsAway=(scoreboard_table+j)->winsAway;
temp.winsHome=(scoreboard_table+j)->winsHome;
temp.winsTotal=(scoreboard_table+j)->winsTotal;
//copy contents of scoreboard_table[index] into scoreboard_table[j]
strcpy((scoreboard_table+j)->name,(scoreboard_table+index)->name);
(scoreboard_table+j)->games=(scoreboard_table+index)->games;
(scoreboard_table+j)->losesAway=(scoreboard_table+index)->losesAway;
(scoreboard_table+j)->losesHome=(scoreboard_table+index)->losesHome;
(scoreboard_table+j)->losesTotal=(scoreboard_table+index)->losesTotal;
(scoreboard_table+j)->totalPoints=(scoreboard_table+index)->totalPoints;
(scoreboard_table+j)->winsAway=(scoreboard_table+index)->winsAway;
(scoreboard_table+j)->winsHome=(scoreboard_table+index)->winsHome;
(scoreboard_table+j)->winsTotal=(scoreboard_table+index)->winsTotal;
//copy contents of temp (BACKUP) into scoreboard_table[index]
strcpy((scoreboard_table+index)->name,temp.name);
(scoreboard_table+index)->games=temp.games;
(scoreboard_table+index)->losesAway=temp.losesAway;
(scoreboard_table+index)->losesHome=temp.losesHome;
(scoreboard_table+index)->losesTotal=temp.losesTotal;
(scoreboard_table+index)->totalPoints=temp.totalPoints;
(scoreboard_table+index)->winsAway=temp.winsAway;
(scoreboard_table+index)->winsHome=temp.winsHome;
(scoreboard_table+index)->winsTotal=temp.winsTotal;
}
}
}
}
}