Вы должны использовать bash и передать аргумент в кавычках:
#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QProcess>
#include <QDebug>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
QProcess process;
QObject::connect(&process, &QProcess::readyReadStandardOutput, [&process](){
qDebug()<<process.readAllStandardOutput();
});
QObject::connect(&process, &QProcess::readyReadStandardError, [&process](){
qDebug()<<process.readAllStandardError();
});
process.start("/bin/bash -c \"xrandr |grep \\* |awk '{print $1}' \"");
return a.exec();
}
Вывод:
"1366x768\n"
Или:
QProcess process;
process.start("/bin/bash", {"-c" , "xrandr |grep \\* |awk '{print $1}'"});
Или:
QProcess process;
QString command = R"(xrandr |grep \* |awk '{print $1}')";
process.start("/bin/sh", {"-c" , command});