Надеюсь, эти строки помогут вам:
# Put a pandas Series from each line in a generator
series = (pd.Series(i, index=['{}-{}'.format(ind,x) for x in df.columns])
for ind, i in zip(df.index,df.values))
# Concatenate and convert to frame + transpose
df = pd.concat(series).to_frame('A').T
Полный пример:
import pandas as pd
data = '''\
index PS PSS 10PS 10PSS 5PS 5PSS
1 6 263 5 23 2 101
2 5 49 2 30 1 30'''
df = pd.read_csv(pd.compat.StringIO(data), sep='\s+').set_index('index')
# Put a pandas Series from each line in a generator
series = (pd.Series(i, index=['{}-{}'.format(ind,x) for x in df.columns])
for ind, i in zip(df.index,df.values))
# Concatenate and convert to frame + transpose
df = pd.concat(series).to_frame('A').T