Сначала создайте таблицу:
create table tab(Date date,Severity int);
insert into tab
select '2018-09-10',40 union all
select '2018-09-11',40 union all
select '2018-09-12',40 union all
select '2018-09-13',40 union all
select '2018-09-14',40 union all
select '2018-09-15',40 union all
select '2018-09-16',20 union all
select '2018-09-17',20 union all
select '2018-09-18',20 union all
select '2018-09-19',30 union all
select '2018-09-20',30 union all
select '2018-09-21',30 union all
select '2018-09-22',30;
и затем используйте:
select min(q."Start") as "Start", max(q."End") as "End", q.Severity
from
(
select min(Date) as "Start",
max(Date) as "End",
avg(Severity) as Severity
from tab
group by Date, Severity
) q
group by Severity
order by "Start"
Rextester Demo