Вы можете использовать оператор множеств MINUS (см. документация ).Тестовая таблица:
create table T as
select 2345 Order_id, 120 Item_id, 'Cash' Payment_type from dual union all
select 2345, 121, 'Cash' from dual union all
select 3346, 122, 'Cash' from dual union all
select 3346, 123, 'Check' from dual union all
select 3346, 124, 'Check' from dual union all
select 4456, 125, 'Check' from dual union all
select 4456, 126, 'Check' from dual union all
select 5456, 127, 'Cash' from dual;
Запрос
select order_id
from T
minus
select order_id
from T
where payment_type = 'Check'
;
--result
ORDER_ID
2345
5456
Dbfiddle здесь .