Поможет ли это?
SQL> with test (col) as
2 (select '{"someInconsiderableText1": {"answer": "8", "question": "someInconsiderableText2"},
"someInconsiderableText3": {"answer": "10", "question": "someInconsiderableText4"}}'
3 from dual
4 )
5 select replace(regexp_substr(col, '"\d+"', 1, 1), '"') first,
6 replace(regexp_substr(col, '"\d+"', 1, 2), '"') second
7 from test;
FIRST SECOND
---------- ----------
8 10
SQL>