$ awk '
BEGIN { FS=OFS="," } # input and output field separators
{
if($4<240000) # if comparison
$4=sprintf("%06d",$4+10000) # I assume 10000 not 010000, also zeropadded to 6 chars
# $4+=10000 # if zeropadding is not required
print # output
}' file
Выход:
1039,1018,20180915,010000,0,0,A
1039,1018,20180915,020000,0,0,A
1039,1018,20180915,030000,0,0,A
1039,1018,20180915,040000,0,0,A
1039,1018,20180915,240000,0,0,A
1039,1018,20180915,060000,0,0,A
1039,1018,20180915,070000,0,0,A
1039,1018,20180915,080000,1,0,A
1039,1018,20180915,090000,0,1,A
1039,1018,20180915,100000,2,0,A
1039,1018,20180915,241000,0,0,A
1039,1018,20180915,240500,0,0,A
$4+10000
не 010000
, поскольку awk 'BEGIN{ print 010000+0}'
выводит 4096
, поскольку это восьмеричное представление этого значения.