Вы можете немного изменить запрос css, используя ntn css
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 992px) {
.row-filter .col-sm-3:nth-child(n + 5){
display: none;
}
}
@media (min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1200px) {
.row-filter .col-md-2:nth-child(n + 7){
display: none;
}
}
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
.row-filter .col-lg-1:nth-child(n + 13){
display: none;
}
}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<div class="row row-filter">
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col 1</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col 2</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col 3</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col 4</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col 5</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col 6</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col 7</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col 8</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col 9</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col A</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col B</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col C</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col D</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-1">Col E</div>
</div>
Смотри код ручки https://codepen.io/anon/pen/rvPJOY