A base R
опция будет
df1[with(df1, Var <= ave(Var * (Number == 1), ID, FUN = function(x) x[x!=0])),]
# ID Number Var
#1 1 2 6
#2 1 2 7
#3 1 1 8
#6 2 2 3
#7 2 2 4
#8 2 1 5
data
df1 <- structure(list(ID = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L), Number = c(2L,
2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L), Var = c(6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L,
3L, 4L, 5L, 6L)), row.names = c(NA, -9L), class = "data.frame")