zip
data.assign(**dict(zip(
('year', 'month', 'day'),
zip(*((x.year, x.month, x.day) for x in data.MFR_DATE))
)))
MFR_DATE year month day
0 2018-05-23 13:34:49.460214 2018 5 23
dt.strftime
и str.split
data[['year', 'month', 'day']] = \
data.MFR_DATE.dt.strftime('%Y %m %d').str.split(expand=True).astype(int)
data
MFR_DATE year month day
0 2018-05-23 13:34:49.460214 2018 5 23
Настройка
data = pd.DataFrame(dict(MFR_DATE=pd.date_range('now', periods=1)))