Давайте попробуем:
Запрос 8 - Извините, не совсем понял.
Запрос 9 -
SELECT ShiftID, EndTime - StartTime AS Downtime, T2.*
FROM SHIFT T1 JOIN STAFF T2 ON T1.StaffID = T2.StaffID
WHERE EndTime - StartTime >= 28
ORDER BY EndTime - StartTime DESC;
Запрос 10 -
SELECT T1.*, Type, FibreContent, CarboContent, NULL AS FatContent, NULL AS ProteinContent FROM PRODUCT T1 JOIN VEGETARIAN T2 ON T1.ProductID = T2.ProductID
UNION
SELECT T1.*, Type, NULL FibreContent, NULL CarboContent, FatContent, ProteinContent FROM PRODUCT T1 JOIN HEALTHY T2 ON T1.ProductID = T2.ProductID
ORDER BY Type;