Просто:
UPDATE T
SET YourColumn = cd.[ZScore]
FROM
(
SELECT [Cardholder Name],
[Transaction Date],
[Merchant],
[Debit Amount],
([Debit Amount] - AVG([Debit Amount]) OVER ()) / (STDEV([Debit Amount]) OVER ()) as [ZScore]
FROM ['PCard Output']
) cd INNER JOIN YourTable T ON cd.ID = T.ID;
Как примечание, я не думаю, что вам нужны другие столбцы, которые вы выбираете, поэтому ваш запрос может выглядеть так:
UPDATE T
SET YourColumn = cd.[ZScore]
FROM
(
SELECT ([Debit Amount] - AVG([Debit Amount]) OVER ()) / (STDEV([Debit Amount]) OVER ()) as [ZScore]
FROM ['PCard Output']
) cd INNER JOIN YourTable T ON cd.ID = T.ID;
или
UPDATE YourTable
SET YourColumn =
(
SELECT ([Debit Amount] - AVG([Debit Amount]) OVER ()) / (STDEV([Debit Amount]) OVER ()) as [ZScore]
FROM ['PCard Output']
);