Ниже для BigQuery Standard SQL
#standardSQL
SELECT customer_id, name,
SUM(IF(negative_positive < 0, days, 0)) negative_days,
SUM(IF(negative_positive = 0, days, 0)) zero_days,
SUM(IF(negative_positive > 0, days, 0)) positive_days
FROM (
SELECT customer_id, negative_positive, grp,
1 + DATE_DIFF(MAX(ts), MIN(ts), DAY) days
FROM (
SELECT customer_id, ts, SIGN(value) negative_positive,
COUNTIF(flag) OVER(PARTITION BY customer_id ORDER BY ts) grp
FROM (
SELECT *, SIGN(value) = IFNULL(LEAD(SIGN(value)) OVER(PARTITION BY customer_id ORDER BY ts), 0) flag
FROM `project.dataset.balances`
)
)
GROUP BY customer_id, negative_positive, grp
)
LEFT JOIN `project.dataset.customers`
ON id = customer_id
GROUP BY customer_id, name
Вы можете протестировать, поиграть с выше, используя примеры данных из вашего вопроса, как в примере ниже
#standardSQL
WITH `project.dataset.balances` AS (
SELECT 1 customer_id, -500 value, DATE '2019-02-12' ts UNION ALL
SELECT 1, -200, '2019-02-10' UNION ALL
SELECT 2, 200, '2019-02-10' UNION ALL
SELECT 1, 0, '2019-02-09'
), `project.dataset.customers` AS (
SELECT 1 id, 'Alice' name UNION ALL
SELECT 2, 'Bob'
)
SELECT customer_id, name,
SUM(IF(negative_positive < 0, days, 0)) negative_days,
SUM(IF(negative_positive = 0, days, 0)) zero_days,
SUM(IF(negative_positive > 0, days, 0)) positive_days
FROM (
SELECT customer_id, negative_positive, grp,
1 + DATE_DIFF(MAX(ts), MIN(ts), DAY) days
FROM (
SELECT customer_id, ts, SIGN(value) negative_positive,
COUNTIF(flag) OVER(PARTITION BY customer_id ORDER BY ts) grp
FROM (
SELECT *, SIGN(value) = IFNULL(LEAD(SIGN(value)) OVER(PARTITION BY customer_id ORDER BY ts), 0) flag
FROM `project.dataset.balances`
)
)
GROUP BY customer_id, negative_positive, grp
)
LEFT JOIN `project.dataset.customers`
ON id = customer_id
GROUP BY customer_id, name
-- ORDER BY customer_id
с результатом
Row customer_id name negative_days zero_days positive_days
1 1 Alice 3 1 0
2 2 Bob 0 0 1