Вы можете применить conditional aggregation
с SUM
для всех четырех столбцов:
SELECT
SUM(CASE WHEN `bd` IN ('none', '-Select for Board of Director-') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END )
AS number_of_bd,
SUM(CASE WHEN `bd1` IN ('none', '-Select for Board of Director-') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END )
AS number_of_bd1,
SUM(CASE WHEN `bd2` IN ('none', '-Select for Board of Director-') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END )
AS number_of_bd2,
SUM(CASE WHEN `bd3` IN ('none', '-Select for Board of Director-') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END )
AS number_of_bd3
FROM college_votes;