Я написал следующий (грубый) код, чтобы найти сильные стороны ассоциаций среди слов в данном фрагменте текста.
import re
## The first paragraph of Wikipedia's article on itself - you can try with other pieces of text with preferably more words (to produce more meaningful word pairs)
text = "Wikipedia was launched on January 15, 2001, by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger.[10] Sanger coined its name,[11][12] as a portmanteau of wiki[notes 3] and 'encyclopedia'. Initially an English-language encyclopedia, versions in other languages were quickly developed. With 5,748,461 articles,[notes 4] the English Wikipedia is the largest of the more than 290 Wikipedia encyclopedias. Overall, Wikipedia comprises more than 40 million articles in 301 different languages[14] and by February 2014 it had reached 18 billion page views and nearly 500 million unique visitors per month.[15] In 2005, Nature published a peer review comparing 42 science articles from Encyclopadia Britannica and Wikipedia and found that Wikipedia's level of accuracy approached that of Britannica.[16] Time magazine stated that the open-door policy of allowing anyone to edit had made Wikipedia the biggest and possibly the best encyclopedia in the world and it was testament to the vision of Jimmy Wales.[17] Wikipedia has been criticized for exhibiting systemic bias, for presenting a mixture of 'truths, half truths, and some falsehoods',[18] and for being subject to manipulation and spin in controversial topics.[19] In 2017, Facebook announced that it would help readers detect fake news by suitable links to Wikipedia articles. YouTube announced a similar plan in 2018."
text = re.sub("[\[].*?[\]]", "", text) ## Remove brackets and anything inside it.
text=re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9.]+", ' ', text) ## Remove special characters except spaces and dots
text=str(text).lower() ## Convert everything to lowercase
## Can add other preprocessing steps, depending on the input text, if needed.
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
import nltk
stop_words = stopwords.words('english')
desirable_tags = ['NN'] # We want only nouns - can also add 'NNP', 'NNS', 'NNPS' if needed, depending on the results
word_list = []
for sent in text.split('.'):
for word in sent.split():
'''
Extract the unique, non-stopword nouns only
'''
if word not in word_list and word not in stop_words and nltk.pos_tag([word])[0][1] in desirable_tags:
word_list.append(word)
'''
Construct the association matrix, where we count 2 words as being associated
if they appear in the same sentence.
Later, I'm going to define associations more properly by introducing a
window size (say, if 2 words seperated by at most 5 words in a sentence,
then we consider them to be associated)
'''
table = np.zeros((len(word_list),len(word_list)), dtype=int)
for sent in text.split('.'):
for i in range(len(word_list)):
for j in range(len(word_list)):
if word_list[i] in sent and word_list[j] in sent:
table[i,j]+=1
df = pd.DataFrame(table, columns=word_list, index=word_list)
# Count the number of occurrences of each word from word_list in the text
all_words = pd.DataFrame(np.zeros((len(df), 2)), columns=['Word', 'Count'])
all_words.Word = df.index
for sent in text.split('.'):
count=0
for word in sent.split():
if word in word_list:
all_words.loc[all_words.Word==word,'Count'] += 1
# Sort the word pairs in decreasing order of their association strengths
df.values[np.triu_indices_from(df, 0)] = 0 # Make the upper triangle values 0
assoc_df = pd.DataFrame(columns=['Word 1', 'Word 2', 'Association Strength (Word 1 -> Word 2)'])
for row_word in df:
for col_word in df:
'''
If Word1 occurs 10 times in the text, and Word1 & Word2 occur in the same sentence 3 times,
the association strength of Word1 and Word2 is 3/10 - Please correct me if this is wrong.
'''
assoc_df = assoc_df.append({'Word 1': row_word, 'Word 2': col_word,
'Association Strength (Word 1 -> Word 2)': df[row_word][col_word]/all_words[all_words.Word==row_word]['Count'].values[0]}, ignore_index=True)
assoc_df.sort_values(by='Association Strength (Word 1 -> Word 2)', ascending=False)
Это приводит к таким ассоциациям слов:
Word 1 Word 2 Association Strength (Word 1 -> Word 2)
330 wiki encyclopedia 3.0
895 encyclopadia found 1.0
1317 anyone edit 1.0
754 peer science 1.0
755 peer encyclopadia 1.0
756 peer britannica 1.0
...
...
...
Тем не менее, код содержит множество циклов for
, что ограничивает время его работы.В частности, последняя часть (sort the word pairs in decreasing order of their association strengths
) отнимает много времени, так как вычисляет силу ассоциации n^2
пар / комбинаций слов, где n
- это количество слов, которые нас интересуют (те, что в word_list
в моемкод выше).
Итак, вот что я хотел бы получить от помощи:
Как мне векторизовать код или сделать его более эффективным?
Вместо создания n^2
комбинаций / пар слов на последнем шаге, есть ли способ обрезать некоторые из них перед их созданием?Я собираюсь обрезать некоторые из бесполезных / бессмысленных пар путем проверки после того, как они все равно будут произведены.
Кроме того, и я знаю, что это не входит в сферу вопросов кодирования, ноЯ хотел бы знать, есть ли какая-либо ошибка в моей логике, особенно при расчете сильных сторон словосочетания.