s = '''LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cysteine proteinase 5-like [Solanum pennellii]
PREDICTED: LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC107059219 [Solanum pennellii]
XP_019244624.1 PREDICTED: peroxidase 40-like [Nicotiana attenuata]
RVW92024.1 Retrovirus-related Pol polyprotein from transposon TNT 1-94 [Vitis vinifera]
hypothetical protein VITISV_035070 [Vitis vinifera]'''
import re
rgx = '(:?)\s([\w\s-]+)\s(\[.+\])'
list1 = []
for m in re.findall(rgx, s):
list1.append(m[1])
print(list1)
Вывод
['cysteine proteinase 5-like ',
'uncharacterized protein LOC107059219',
'peroxidase 40-like',
'Retrovirus-related Pol polyprotein from transposon TNT 1-94',
'hypothetical protein VITISV_035070']
Найдите подробное объяснение https://regex101.com/r/HATKMa/1.