Неясно, на какую часть этого вопроса я должен ответить.
- Первоначальная ошибка была связана с опечаткой.
DS должно было быть DX Используемая вами версия 5.10 MASM не поддерживает переопределения сегментов и размеров в квадратных скобках []. Код такой:
MOV [WORD PTR DS:CARLOC],DX
Необходимо записать в виде:
MOV WORD PTR DS:[CARLOC],DX
Используемая версия MASM и LINK не генерирует COM-программы. Вам нужна программа, которая раньше шла с DOS, называемая EXE2BIN, которая могла бы конвертировать определенные типы программ EXE в COM. Вам нужно запустить EXE2BIN следующим образом:
EXE2BIN progname.exe progname.com
Версия MASM не поддерживает упрощенные директивы сегментов .MODEL, .CODE, .DATA и.STACK, которые мне известны, поэтому их необходимо удалить.
Вместо того, чтобы использовать EXE2BIN для преобразования из EXE в программу COM, вы можете изменить код для запускакак программа EXE. Удалите строки:
.MODEL TINY
.CODE
.ORG 100h
Создайте сегмент STACK с чем-то вроде:
STACK SEGMENT STACK
db 512 DUP(?)
STACK ENDS
Программа EXE должна инициализировать DS (и ES при необходимости) на раннем этапе запуска программы. В отличие от программ COM, где CS = DS = ES = SS , и такая инициализация не требуется. Вы добавили бы эти строки для инициализации DS :
MOV AX, CODE ; Initialize the Code Segment
MOV DS, AX
Вы поместили все свои данные в сегмент CODE, поэтому вам нужно инициализировать DS , чтобытак же, как CODE.
Окончательная версия программы, которая должна работать как EXE:
TITLE FormulaONE TURBO (256 byte game)
STACK SEGMENT STACK
db 512 DUP(?)
STACK ENDS
CODE SEGMENT BYTE PUBLIC 'CODE'
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:CODE
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; ACTUAL PROGRAM BEGINS HERE
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
START:
MOV AX, CODE ; Initialize the Code Segment
MOV DS, AX
MOV BP,AX ; Reset score to 0 (=MOV BP,0)
MOV AH,06H ; Clear Screen and home the cursor
CALL SCROLL
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; MAIN GAME LOOP
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
GAME:
MOV DX,1629H ; Load CAR loc (LINE 16H, COL 29H)
CARLOC EQU $-2 ; Self modifying code (CAR loc)
CALL MOVEIT ; Move cursor to DH,DL (car loc)
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Erase the car at old screen location
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOV AL,20H ; Print 5 spaces
PUSH AX
OUT 61H,AL ; Turn off speaker (AL=00100000b)
MOV BL,70H ;^^
MOV CL,5
INT 10H
MOV AX,0E0AH ; Move cursor to next line
INT 10H
POP AX ; Print 5 more spaces
INT 10H
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Move to new car location based on shift key status
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOV CL,40H ; Get shift key status
MOV ES,CX ; (=MOV ES,0040H)
MOV AL,BYTE PTR ES:[0017H]
TEST AL,1 ; Right SHIFT key pressed?
JZ TRYLFT ; No...Try left shift
INC DX ; Yes..move car right 1 space
TRYLFT: TEST AL,2 ; Left SHIFT key pressed?
JZ KEYEND ; No...done checking keys
DEC DX ; Yes..move car left 1 space
KEYEND: MOV WORD PTR DS:[CARLOC],DX ; Save new car location in memory
; (That is the self-modifying part)
PUSH DX ; Save car location on stack also
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Scroll the track down one line
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOV AX,0701H ; Scroll screen down 1 line
CALL SCROLL ; this also sets BH=0 and BL=2
; and homes the cursor
MOV CL,40 ; Print left side of track
LMARGN EQU $-1 ; (Pointer to Left Margin)
INT 10H
MOV DX,CX ; Find right side of track position
ADD DX,26 ; (Starting track width = 26)
TRKWID EQU $-1 ; (Pointer to Track Width)
MOV CL,80
SUB CX,DX
CALL MOVEIT ; Move cursor to right side of track
INT 10H ; Print grass on right side of track
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Print the score in the lower right corner of the screen
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOV DX,184EH ; Screen loc 77,25 bottom right
CALL MOVEIT ; Move cursor to score location
MOV AX,BP ; Move Score to AX
MOV CL,8 ; Shift score right 8 bits
SAR AX,CL ; (This makes it hard to get to Z!)
ADD AX,0E00H+65 ; MOV AH,0Eh & Convert score to A-Z
INT 10H ; Print the score on the screen
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Check for a collision
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
POP DX ; Restore car location from stack
CALL MOVEIT ; Move cursor under left front tire
JNZ PCAR ; Hit something? Yes... Print our
; red car and exit the game
PUSH DX ; Save left tire position to stack
ADD DL,4 ; Move cursor under right front tire
CALL MOVEIT ; Check to see if we hit something
POP DX ; Restore our car position
JNZ PCAR ; Hit something? Yes... Print our
; red car and exit the game
PUSH DX ; Save car position to stack
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; No collision, go ahead and print our car (red)
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
CALL PCAR ; Print our red car (CX=8)
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Slow game down by waiting for 3 vertical retraces and play sound effects
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOV CL,3 ; CX is delay invertical retraces
DELAY: MOV DX,03DAH ; Video screen port
HERE: IN AL,DX ; Get current video status
TEST AL,8 ; Check vertical retrace bit
JNE HERE ; Wait for 1 full vertical retrace
HERE2: ; Turn on and off speaker...
ADD AL,BYTE PTR DS:[005DH] ; (Check command line for Q)
DEC AX ; (which is for Quiet mode.)
OUT 61H,AL ; while waiting for screen refresh
IN AL,DX
TEST AL,8
JE HERE2
LOOP DELAY ; Go wait for another until CX=0
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Keep track of our current score
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
INC BP ; Count lines printed so far (score)
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Adjust size and placement of track
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
POP DX ; Restore our car position fm stack
MOV AX,BP ; TEST AL=2 bytes, TEST BP=4 bytes
TEST AL,255 ; Make track smaller each 256 lines
JNZ NOCHG ; Go around if not time for change
DEC BYTE PTR DS:[TRKWID] ; Change width (Self-mod code!)
NOCHG:
TEST AL,9 ; Make track wavy every so often
JNZ ENEMY ; Time to go straight
TEST AL,128 ; Left or right?
JZ LEFT
ADD BYTE PTR DS:[LMARGN],2 ; -Move right 2 spaces (Self-mod!)
; INC DX ; Make sure that enemy car
; INC DX ; stays ON the track. (TAI)
LEFT: DEC BYTE PTR DS:[LMARGN] ; -Move left 1 space (Self-mod!)
; DEC DX ; Make sure that enemy car
; stays ON the track. (TAI)
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Draw an opponent car every 15 screen lines
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENEMY: ; Our car position is in DX register
MOV DH,0 ; Make it into enemy position using
; True Artificial Intellegence (tm)
; ^ ^ ^ TAI :-)
TEST AL,15 ; Every 15 lines print enemy car
MOV AX,OFFSET GAME ; Prepare for RET below
PUSH AX ; Use RET as a jump to GAME loop
JNZ GOBACK ; Not time yet to print enemy car
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; PRINT CAR AT SCREEN LOCATION "DX"
;
; On entry: DH points to line, DL to column, CX to car graphic offset
; (8 for red, 0 for blue car)
; On exit: The proper car will be drawn. Also, if we used CALL PCAR to
; get here we will be returned into the program at that point.
; If we used JNZ PCAR to get here we will be returned to the
; DOS prompt (the game will end).
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
PCAR:
PUSH BP ; Save our current score counter
MOV BP,OFFSET CAR2 ; Point to the car graphic
ADD BP,CX ; Add offset to proper car
SUB BYTE PTR [BP+4],24 ; Print stripe on hood of car
MOV AX,1302H ; Print the car to the screen
PUSH AX ; AX may change in INT 10h call
MOV CL,5 ; Graphic is 5 characters wide
PUSH DS ; It is located in the data seg
POP ES ; but INT 10h needs that in ES
INT 10H ; Print the first line of the car
ADD BYTE PTR [BP+4],24 ; Print cockpit and rear stripe
POP AX ; (=MOV AX,1302H)
INC DH ; Point to next line of the screen
INT 10H ; Print the second line of the car
POP BP ; Restore current score counter
GOBACK: RET
CAR2:
DB 0DCH,70H,0DEH,71H,0D2H,1FH,0DDH,71H ; Blue car graphic
DB 0DCH,70H ; Common tire
DB 0DEH,74H,0D2H,4EH,0DDH,74H,0DCH,70H ; Red car graphic
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; SCROLL SCREEN DOWN "AL" LINES
; (or if AH=6, clear screen)
;
; On entry: AH must be 7, AL must be number of lines to scroll (1)
; On exit: BH will be 0, BL will be 2 and we will fall through to
; MOVEIT to home the cursor. ^^^^^^^^^^^^
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCROLL:
MOV BH,70H ; Use Black on Gray (road color)
XOR CX,CX ; From UL corner (=MOV CX,0)
MOV DX,184FH ; to LR corner
INT 10H
MOV BX,02 ; Set BH to 0 and BL to 2 for use
; when we return.
XOR DX,DX ; Now, home the cursor (=MOV DX,0)
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; MOVE CURSOR TO SCREEN LOCATION DH,DL
; AND SEE IF THERE IS A SPACE (TRACK) THERE
;
; On entry: DH is screen line, DL is screen column
; On exit: Z flag will be set/reset if there is a space character
; under the cursor and AH will be 9 and AL will be 0DBh
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOVEIT:
MOV AH,2 ; Move cursor to DH,DL
INT 10H
MOV AH,8 ; Get the character under cursor
INT 10H
CMP AL,20H ; Is it a space? (set Z flag)
MOV AX,09DBH ; Set AH to 9 and AL to 0DBh for
RET ; use just after we return (don't
; worry, Z flag will still be set)
CODE ENDS
END START
Reply to "Stackoverflow question a2061"
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Re: Stackoverflow question a2061
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Your paste - Paste your paste here
TITLE FormulaONE TURBO (256 byte game)
;==========================================================================
; FormulaONE TURBO Copyright 1995, 1996, 1998 by David S. Issel
; all rights reserved.
;
; Written using Turbo Assembler
;
; To assemble use: TASM F1-TURBO
; To link use: TLINK /x/t F1-TURBO
;
; For Microsoft Macro Assembler 6.0 use: ML /AT F1-TURBO.ASM
;
;
; To run FormulaONE use: F1-TURBO
; To run FormulaONE without sound: F1-TURBO Q
;
; Use left and right shift keys to control your car __,
; at bottom of screen. Try not to run into anything _ _.--'-n_/
; for as long as you can. -(_)------(_)=
;==========================================================================
.MODEL TINY
.CODE
CODE SEGMENT BYTE PUBLIC 'CODE'
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:CODE
ORG 0100H ; This will be a COM file
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; ACTUAL PROGRAM BEGINS HERE
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
START:
MOV BP,AX ; Reset score to 0 (=MOV BP,0)
MOV AH,06H ; Clear Screen and home the cursor
CALL SCROLL
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; MAIN GAME LOOP
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
GAME:
MOV DX,1629H ; Load CAR loc (LINE 16H, COL 29H)
CARLOC EQU $-2 ; Self modifying code (CAR loc)
CALL MOVEIT ; Move cursor to DH,DL (car loc)
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Erase the car at old screen location
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOV AL,20H ; Print 5 spaces
PUSH AX
OUT 61H,AL ; Turn off speaker (AL=00100000b)
MOV BL,70H ;^^
MOV CL,5
INT 10H
MOV AX,0E0AH ; Move cursor to next line
INT 10H
POP AX ; Print 5 more spaces
INT 10H
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Move to new car location based on shift key status
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOV CL,40H ; Get shift key status
MOV ES,CX ; (=MOV ES,0040H)
MOV AL,[BYTE PTR ES:0017H]
TEST AL,1 ; Right SHIFT key pressed?
JZ TRYLFT ; No...Try left shift
INC DX ; Yes..move car right 1 space
TRYLFT: TEST AL,2 ; Left SHIFT key pressed?
JZ KEYEND ; No...done checking keys
DEC DX ; Yes..move car left 1 space
KEYEND: MOV [WORD PTR DS:CARLOC],DX ; Save new car location in memory
; (That is the self-modifying part)
PUSH DX ; Save car location on stack also
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Scroll the track down one line
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOV AX,0701H ; Scroll screen down 1 line
CALL SCROLL ; this also sets BH=0 and BL=2
; and homes the cursor
MOV CL,40 ; Print left side of track
LMARGN EQU $-1 ; (Pointer to Left Margin)
INT 10H
MOV DX,CX ; Find right side of track position
ADD DX,26 ; (Starting track width = 26)
TRKWID EQU $-1 ; (Pointer to Track Width)
MOV CL,80
SUB CX,DX
CALL MOVEIT ; Move cursor to right side of track
INT 10H ; Print grass on right side of track
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Print the score in the lower right corner of the screen
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOV DX,184EH ; Screen loc 77,25 bottom right
CALL MOVEIT ; Move cursor to score location
MOV AX,BP ; Move Score to AX
MOV CL,8 ; Shift score right 8 bits
SAR AX,CL ; (This makes it hard to get to Z!)
ADD AX,0E00H+65 ; MOV AH,0Eh & Convert score to A-Z
INT 10H ; Print the score on the screen
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Check for a collision
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
POP DX ; Restore car location from stack
CALL MOVEIT ; Move cursor under left front tire
JNZ PCAR ; Hit something? Yes... Print our
; red car and exit the game
PUSH DX ; Save left tire position to stack
ADD DL,4 ; Move cursor under right front tire
CALL MOVEIT ; Check to see if we hit something
POP DX ; Restore our car position
JNZ PCAR ; Hit something? Yes... Print our
; red car and exit the game
PUSH DX ; Save car position to stack
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; No collision, go ahead and print our car (red)
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
CALL PCAR ; Print our red car (CX=8)
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Slow game down by waiting for 3 vertical retraces and play sound effects
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOV CL,3 ; CX is delay invertical retraces
DELAY: MOV DX,03DAH ; Video screen port
HERE: IN AL,DX ; Get current video status
TEST AL,8 ; Check vertical retrace bit
JNE HERE ; Wait for 1 full vertical retrace
HERE2: ; Turn on and off speaker...
ADD AL,[BYTE PTR DS:005DH] ; (Check command line for Q)
DEC AX ; (which is for Quiet mode.)
OUT 61H,AL ; while waiting for screen refresh
IN AL,DX
TEST AL,8
JE HERE2
LOOP DELAY ; Go wait for another until CX=0
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Keep track of our current score
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
INC BP ; Count lines printed so far (score)
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Adjust size and placement of track
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
POP DX ; Restore our car position fm stack
MOV AX,BP ; TEST AL=2 bytes, TEST BP=4 bytes
TEST AL,255 ; Make track smaller each 256 lines
JNZ NOCHG ; Go around if not time for change
DEC [BYTE PTR DS:TRKWID] ; Change width (Self-mod code!)
NOCHG:
TEST AL,9 ; Make track wavy every so often
JNZ ENEMY ; Time to go straight
TEST AL,128 ; Left or right?
JZ LEFT
ADD [BYTE PTR DS:LMARGN],2 ; -Move right 2 spaces (Self-mod!)
; INC DX ; Make sure that enemy car
; INC DX ; stays ON the track. (TAI)
LEFT: DEC [BYTE PTR DS:LMARGN] ; -Move left 1 space (Self-mod!)
; DEC DX ; Make sure that enemy car
; stays ON the track. (TAI)
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Draw an opponent car every 15 screen lines
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENEMY: ; Our car position is in DX register
MOV DH,0 ; Make it into enemy position using
; True Artificial Intellegence (tm)
; ^ ^ ^ TAI :-)
TEST AL,15 ; Every 15 lines print enemy car
MOV AX,OFFSET GAME ; Prepare for RET below
PUSH AX ; Use RET as a jump to GAME loop
JNZ GOBACK ; Not time yet to print enemy car
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; PRINT CAR AT SCREEN LOCATION "DX"
;
; On entry: DH points to line, DL to column, CX to car graphic offset
; (8 for red, 0 for blue car)
; On exit: The proper car will be drawn. Also, if we used CALL PCAR to
; get here we will be returned into the program at that point.
; If we used JNZ PCAR to get here we will be returned to the
; DOS prompt (the game will end).
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
PCAR:
PUSH BP ; Save our current score counter
MOV BP,OFFSET CAR2 ; Point to the car graphic
ADD BP,CX ; Add offset to proper car
SUB BYTE PTR [BP+4],24 ; Print stripe on hood of car
MOV AX,1302H ; Print the car to the screen
PUSH AX ; AX may change in INT 10h call
MOV CL,5 ; Graphic is 5 characters wide
PUSH DS ; It is located in the data seg
POP ES ; but INT 10h needs that in ES
INT 10H ; Print the first line of the car
ADD BYTE PTR [BP+4],24 ; Print cockpit and rear stripe
POP AX ; (=MOV AX,1302H)
INC DH ; Point to next line of the screen
INT 10H ; Print the second line of the car
POP BP ; Restore current score counter
GOBACK: RET
CAR2:
DB 0DCH,70H,0DEH,71H,0D2H,1FH,0DDH,71H ; Blue car graphic
DB 0DCH,70H ; Common tire
DB 0DEH,74H,0D2H,4EH,0DDH,74H,0DCH,70H ; Red car graphic
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; SCROLL SCREEN DOWN "AL" LINES
; (or if AH=6, clear screen)
;
; On entry: AH must be 7, AL must be number of lines to scroll (1)
; On exit: BH will be 0, BL will be 2 and we will fall through to
; MOVEIT to home the cursor. ^^^^^^^^^^^^
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCROLL:
MOV BH,70H ; Use Black on Gray (road color)
XOR CX,CX ; From UL corner (=MOV CX,0)
MOV DX,184FH ; to LR corner
INT 10H
MOV BX,02 ; Set BH to 0 and BL to 2 for use
; when we return.
XOR DX,DX ; Now, home the cursor (=MOV DX,0)
MOVEIT:
MOV AH,2 ; Move cursor to DH,DL
INT 10H
MOV AH,8 ; Get the character under cursor
INT 10H
CMP AL,20H ; Is it a space? (set Z flag)
MOV AX,09DBH ; Set AH to 9 and AL to 0DBh for
RET ; use just after we return (don't
; worry, Z flag will still be set)
CODE ENDS
END START