Как насчет этого ?
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#YourTable', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #YourTable;
CREATE TABLE #YourTable(
Department VARCHAR(33) NOT NULL
,FISCALYEAR INTEGER NOT NULL
,FISCALQUARTER INTEGER NOT NULL
,TotalAmount NUMERIC(7,2) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO #YourTable(Department,FISCALYEAR,FISCALQUARTER,TotalAmount) VALUES ('Internal Medicine - Dermatology',2018,2,50.00);
INSERT INTO #YourTable(Department,FISCALYEAR,FISCALQUARTER,TotalAmount) VALUES ('Internal Medicine - Dermatology',2018,4,75.00);
INSERT INTO #YourTable(Department,FISCALYEAR,FISCALQUARTER,TotalAmount) VALUES ('Internal Medicine - Dermatology',2019,1,135.00);
INSERT INTO #YourTable(Department,FISCALYEAR,FISCALQUARTER,TotalAmount) VALUES ('Internal Medicine - Dermatology',2019,2,75.00);
INSERT INTO #YourTable(Department,FISCALYEAR,FISCALQUARTER,TotalAmount) VALUES ('Internal Medicine - Dermatology',2019,3,185.00);
INSERT INTO #YourTable(Department,FISCALYEAR,FISCALQUARTER,TotalAmount) VALUES ('Internal Medicine - Dermatology',2019,4,84.00);
INSERT INTO #YourTable(Department,FISCALYEAR,FISCALQUARTER,TotalAmount) VALUES ('Internal Medicine - Dermatology',2020,1,85.00);
INSERT INTO #YourTable(Department,FISCALYEAR,FISCALQUARTER,TotalAmount) VALUES ('Internal Medicine - Dermatology',2020,2,10.00);
SELECT a.Department, a.FISCALYEAR, a.FISCALQUARTER,
a.TotalAmount, b.TotalAmount AS PriorYearQuarterTotalAmount
FROM #YourTable a
LEFT JOIN #YourTable b ON a.Department = b.Department
AND a.FISCALYEAR - 1 = b.FISCALYEAR
AND a.FISCALQUARTER = b.FISCALQUARTER