Я смог сделать это на основе этого блога . Надеюсь, это поможет кому-то в будущем.
SELECT [Latitude] AS [Latitude],
CAST([Latitude] AS INT) AS [Degrees],
REPLACE(CAST(([Latitude] - CAST([Latitude] AS INT)) * 60 AS INT), '-', '') AS [Minutes],
REPLACE(CAST((3600 * ([Latitude] - CAST([Latitude] AS INT))) - (CAST(([Latitude] - CAST([Latitude] AS INT)) * 60 AS INT) * 60) AS INT), '-', '') AS [Seconds]
FROM gis