with t (PARENT_ID, ID, YR_MONTH, REWARD) as (
select 1, 11, 201601, 3 from dual union all
select 1, 11, 201605, 9 from dual union all
select 1, 11, 201609, 12 from dual union all
select 1, 12, 201601, 6 from dual union all
select 1, 12, 201605, 9 from dual union all
select 1, 12, 201609, 9 from dual union all
select 2, 21, 201601, 15 from dual union all
select 2, 21, 201605, 9 from dual union all
select 2, 21, 201609, 12 from dual union all
select 2, 22, 201601, 9 from dual union all
select 2, 22, 201605, 9 from dual union all
select 2, 23, 201609, 9 from dual
)
select t1.*, case when reward = 9 and grp = 1 then 1 else 0 end reward_status from (
select t.*, sum(case when reward < 9 then 0 else 1 end) over (partition by parent_id, id order by yr_month) grp
from t
) t1
order by parent_id, id, yr_month;
Сначала сгруппируйте строки в зависимости от вашего состояния. Для этого я использовал функцию SUM () analyti c. Затем во внешнем запросе просто сопоставьте, если 9 является первым в группе.