Как я могу добавить значение со строкой в ​​массив символов?

Question

Я пытаюсь передать данные через USART.
Я хочу отправить строку со значением, например, Temperature: 79, где это 79 в переменной int.

Что я пробовал:

uint8_t *buffer[] = {(uint8_t*)"\nSW version 001\0",(uint8_t*)"\nTemperature:"};
uint8_t **ptr = buffer;
io_write(io, *buffer ,100); 

Вывод:

SW versio 001 Temperature:

Я не знаю, как объединить значение в массив. Как я могу это сделать?

Answer 1

вам нужно написать свои собственные функции. Например (не мой, но широко используемый):

https://godbolt.org/z/MoP7pn

/*
******************************************************************************
File:     tiny_printf.c
Info:     Generated by Atollic TrueSTUDIO 9.2.0   2020-02-27

Abstract: Atollic TrueSTUDIO Minimal iprintf/siprintf/fiprintf
          and puts/fputs.
          Provides aliased declarations for printf/sprintf/fprintf
          pointing to *iprintf variants.

          The argument contains a format string that may include
          conversion specifications. Each conversion specification
          is introduced by the character %, and ends with a
          conversion specifier.

          The following conversion specifiers are supported
          cdisuxX%

          Usage:
          c    character
          d,i  signed integer (-sign added, + sign not supported)
          s    character string
          u    unsigned integer as decimal
          x,X  unsigned integer as hexadecimal (uppercase letter)
          %    % is written (conversion specification is '%%')

          Note:
          Character padding is not supported

The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2018 STMicroelectronics

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

******************************************************************************
*/

/* Includes */
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

/* Create aliases for *printf to integer variants *iprintf */
__attribute__ ((alias("siprintf"))) int sprintf(char* str, const char *fmt, ...);

/* External function prototypes (defined in syscalls.c) */
extern int _write(int fd, char *str, int len);

/* Private function prototypes */
void ts_itoa(char **buf, unsigned int d, int base);
int ts_formatstring(char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list va);
int ts_formatlength(const char *fmt, va_list va);

/* Private functions */

/**
**---------------------------------------------------------------------------
**  Abstract: Convert integer to ascii
**  Returns:  void
**---------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
void ts_itoa(char **buf, unsigned int d, int base)
{
    int div = 1;
    while (d/div >= base)
        div *= base;

    while (div != 0)
    {
        int num = d/div;
        d = d%div;
        div /= base;
        if (num > 9)
            *((*buf)++) = (num-10) + 'A';
        else
            *((*buf)++) = num + '0';
    }
}

/**
**---------------------------------------------------------------------------
**  Abstract: Writes arguments va to buffer buf according to format fmt
**  Returns:  Length of string
**---------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
int ts_formatstring(char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list va)
{
    char *start_buf = buf;
    while(*fmt)
    {
        /* Character needs formating? */
        if (*fmt == '%')
        {
            switch (*(++fmt))
            {
              case 'c':
                *buf++ = va_arg(va, int);
                break;
              case 'd':
              case 'i':
                {
                    signed int val = va_arg(va, signed int);
                    if (val < 0)
                    {
                        val *= -1;
                        *buf++ = '-';
                    }
                    ts_itoa(&buf, val, 10);
                }
                break;
              case 's':
                {
                    char * arg = va_arg(va, char *);
                    while (*arg)
                    {
                        *buf++ = *arg++;
                    }
                }
                break;
              case 'u':
                    ts_itoa(&buf, va_arg(va, unsigned int), 10);
                break;
              case 'x':
              case 'X':
                    ts_itoa(&buf, va_arg(va, int), 16);
                break;
              case '%':
                  *buf++ = '%';
                  break;
            }
            fmt++;
        }
        /* Else just copy */
        else
        {
            *buf++ = *fmt++;
        }
    }
    *buf = 0;

    return (int)(buf - start_buf);
}


/**
**---------------------------------------------------------------------------
**  Abstract: Calculate maximum length of the resulting string from the
**            format string and va_list va
**  Returns:  Maximum length
**---------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
int ts_formatlength(const char *fmt, va_list va)
{
    int length = 0;
    while (*fmt)
    {
        if (*fmt == '%')
        {
            ++fmt;
            switch (*fmt)
            {
              case 'c':
                  va_arg(va, int);
                  ++length;
                  break;
              case 'd':
              case 'i':
              case 'u':
                  /* 32 bits integer is max 11 characters with minus sign */
                  length += 11;
                  va_arg(va, int);
                  break;
              case 's':
                  {
                      char * str = va_arg(va, char *);
                      while (*str++)
                          ++length;
                  }
                  break;
              case 'x':
              case 'X':
                  /* 32 bits integer as hex is max 8 characters */
                  length += 8;
                  va_arg(va, unsigned int);
                  break;
              default:
                  ++length;
                  break;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            ++length;
        }
        ++fmt;
    }
    return length;
}

/**
**===========================================================================
**  Abstract: Loads data from the given locations and writes them to the
**            given character string according to the format parameter.
**  Returns:  Number of bytes written
**===========================================================================
*/
int siprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
{
    int length;
    va_list va;
    va_start(va, fmt);
    length = ts_formatstring(buf, fmt, va);
    va_end(va);
    return length;
}

Answer 2

Используйте snprintf. За один вызов:

int temperature = 12345;
char buffer[200];
const int len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "\nSW verison 001\nTemperature: %d\n", temperature);
io_write(io, buffer, len);

На встроенных устройствах с «голым металлом» с ограниченной памятью и пространством функция семейства *printf может быть недоступна или нецелесообразна в использовании. Вы должны будете свернуть свою собственную функцию преобразования int_to_string -i sh. Вы можете найти функцию integer_to_string, например, в этом ответе на stackoverflow :

// NOT MY WORK, this function was written by @asveikau
int
integer_to_string(char *buf, size_t bufsize, int n)
{
   char *start;

   // Handle negative numbers.
   //
   if (n < 0)
   {
      if (!bufsize)
         return -1;

      *buf++ = '-';
      bufsize--;
   }

   // Remember the start of the string...  This will come into play
   // at the end.
   //
   start = buf;

   do
   {
      // Handle the current digit.
      //
      int digit;
      if (!bufsize)
         return -1;
      digit = n % 10;
      if (digit < 0)
         digit *= -1;
      *buf++ = digit + '0';
      bufsize--;
      n /= 10;
   } while (n);

   // Terminate the string.
   //
   if (!bufsize)
      return -1;
   *buf = 0;

   // We wrote the string backwards, i.e. with least significant digits first.
   // Now reverse the string.
   //
   --buf;
   while (start < buf)
   {
      char a = *start;
      *start = *buf;
      *buf = a;
      ++start;
      --buf;
   }

   return 0;
}

С такой функцией вы можете:

int temperature = 12345;
char buffer[200] = "\nSW verison 001\nTemperature: ";
integer_to_string(buffer + strlen(buffer), sizeof(buffer) - strlen(buffer), temperature);
strcat(buffer, "\n");
io_write(io, buffer, strlen(buffer));