Почему бы не простой minus
оператор множества?
SQL> with statustimeline (id, applicationid, status) as
2 -- sample data
3 (select 11, 1, 4 from dual union all
4 select 10, 1, 3 from dual union all
5 select 9, 1, 2 from dual union all
6 select 8, 1, 1 from dual union all
7 select 7, 2, 3 from dual union all
8 select 6, 2, 2 from dual union all
9 select 5, 2, 1 from dual union all
10 select 4, 3, 5 from dual union all
11 select 3, 3, 3 from dual union all
12 select 2, 3, 2 from dual union all
13 select 1, 3, 1 from dual
14 )
15 -- query you need
16 select applicationid
17 from statustimeline
18 minus
19 select applicationid
20 from statustimeline
21 where status = 4;
APPLICATIONID
-------------
2
3
SQL>