Вы можете использовать cumsum
после группировки по Id
.
library(dplyr)
data %>% group_by(Id) %>% mutate(action.round = cumsum(action == "start"))
# Id action action.round
# <chr> <chr> <int>
# 1 A start 1
# 2 A na 1
# 3 A start 2
# 4 A na 2
# 5 A na 2
# 6 A na 2
# 7 A na 2
# 8 A start 3
# 9 B start 1
#10 B na 1
#11 B start 2
#12 B na 2
#13 B start 3
#14 B na 3
Это можно сделать и в базе R
data$action.round <- with(data, ave(action == "start", Id, FUN = cumsum))
и data.table
library(data.table)
setDT(data)[, action.round := cumsum(action == "start"), Id]
данные
data <- structure(list(Id = c("A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A",
"B", "B", "B", "B", "B", "B"), action = c("start", "na", "start",
"na", "na", "na", "na", "start", "start", "na", "start", "na",
"start", "na")), row.names = c(NA, -14L), spec = structure(list(
cols = list(Id = structure(list(), class = c("collector_character",
"collector")), action = structure(list(), class = c("collector_character",
"collector")), action.round = structure(list(), class = c("collector_double",
"collector"))), default = structure(list(), class = c("collector_guess",
"collector")), skip = 1), class = "col_spec"), class = c("spec_tbl_df",
"tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"))