вы можете использовать collections.defaultdict
:
from collections import defaultdict
l = [['james',100,200,300],['james',200,300,400], ['charles',200,200,100]]
d = defaultdict(list)
for k, *v in l:
d[k].append(v)
[[k, *[sum(e) for e in zip(*v)]] for k, v in d.items()]
вывод:
[['james', 300, 500, 700], ['charles', 200, 200, 100]]
без импорта какого-либо модуля:
l = [['james',100,200,300],['james',200,300,400], ['charles',200,200,100]]
d = {}
for k, *v in l:
d.setdefault(k, []).append(v)
[[k, *[sum(e) for e in zip(*v)]] for k, v in d.items()]
вывод:
l = [['james',100,200,300],['james',200,300,400], ['charles',200,200,100]]