Ваш 1d массив:
In [25]: np.arange(1,10)
Out[25]: array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
Создание вектора 2d столбца:
In [26]: np.arange(1,10)[:,None]
Out[26]:
array([[1],
[2],
[3],
[4],
[5],
[6],
[7],
[8],
[9]])
Использование метода repeat
для репликации столбцов:
In [27]: np.arange(1,10)[:,None].repeat(5,1)
Out[27]:
array([[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
[3, 3, 3, 3, 3],
[4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
[5, 5, 5, 5, 5],
[6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
[7, 7, 7, 7, 7],
[8, 8, 8, 8, 8],
[9, 9, 9, 9, 9]])