Попробуйте (пояснение в комментарии к коду):
file = "(1,65,b) (2,50,r) (3,80,b) (4,10,b) (5,60,b) (6,70,r) (8,5,r) (11,62,r)"
positions=[]
values=[]
colors=[]
# assuming that the values are stored in one line in the file, loop through text in file splitting text by space
for item in file.split(" "):
# split the text in between brackets [text betwen 1 to -1 >[1:-1] by comma
# append each item to corosponding list
positions.append(item[1:-1].split(",")[0])
values.append(item[1:-1].split(",")[1])
colors.append(item[1:-1].split(",")[2])
print(positions, values, colors)
Решение в одну строку:
file = "(1,65,b) (2,50,r) (3,80,b) (4,10,b) (5,60,b) (6,70,r) (8,5,r) (11,62,r)"
p,c,v = [list(map(lambda x:x[1:-1].split(",")[i], file.split(" ") )) for i in range(3)]
print (p,c,v)