@ Гари Рассел Спасибо, это сработало. другой пример.
public DirectExchange exchange(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin) {
DirectExchange directExchange = new DirectExchange("exchangeName", true, false);
rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(directExchange);
for (int num = 1; num <= 20; num++) {
Queue queue = new Queue("queueName" + num, true, false, false, null);
rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(queue);
rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with("routingKey" + num));
}
return directExchange;
}