Это может быть:
In [2067]: import numpy as np
In [2057]: pos = random.index(np.nan)
In [2062]: b = random[:]
In [2064]: b[pos:pos] = [8181]
In [2065]: b
Out[2065]: [9, 1, 5, 7, 6, 3, 2, 5, 8181, nan, nan, nan]
ИЛИ
In [2070]: random = [9,1,5,7,6,3,2,5, nan, nan, nan]
In [2057]: pos = random.index(np.nan)
In [2071]: random.insert(pos, 8181)
In [2072]: random
Out[2072]: [9, 1, 5, 7, 6, 3, 2, 5, 8181, nan, nan, nan]