Я сделал текстовую программу с Direct3D11, которая позволяет мне как 2D, так и 3D рисовать. Я использовал образец rastertek.com, чтобы быстрее получить 3D-сцену. Затем я добавил свой класс D2D и передал его через DXGI без создания 2D-устройства. Это работало правильно. Однако я понял, что у моего P C нет драйвера NVIDIA, поэтому я по умолчанию использовал INTEL IGraphics. Я установил драйверы NVIDIA. Сброс, переключил мой любимый видеопроцессор на NVIDIA с панели управления. Затем отладка и я получил черный экран. Я не опытный человек. Похоже, решение будет невозможно для меня. Что я могу сделать, чтобы это исправить?
Я добавил полный проектный файл: https://easyupload.io/3fc087
Это то, на что он похож на графику INTEL: 
d3dclass. cpp при необходимости
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: d3dclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "d3dclass.h"
#include <Windows.h>
D3DClass::D3DClass()
{
m_swapChain = 0;
m_device = 0;
m_deviceContext = 0;
m_renderTargetView = 0;
m_depthStencilBuffer = 0;
m_depthStencilState = 0;
m_depthStencilView = 0;
m_rasterState = 0;
}
D3DClass::D3DClass(const D3DClass& other)
{
}
D3DClass::~D3DClass()
{
}
bool D3DClass::Initialize(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, bool vsync, HWND hwnd, bool fullscreen,
float screenDepth, float screenNear)
{
HRESULT result;
IDXGIFactory* factory;
IDXGIAdapter* adapter;
IDXGIOutput* adapterOutput;
unsigned int numModes, i, numerator, denominator;
size_t stringLength;
DXGI_MODE_DESC* displayModeList;
DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC adapterDesc;
int error;
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevel;
ID3D11Texture2D* backBufferPtr;
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthBufferDesc;
D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC depthStencilDesc;
D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_VIEW_DESC depthStencilViewDesc;
D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC rasterDesc;
D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;
float fieldOfView, screenAspect;
// Store the vsync setting.
m_vsync_enabled = vsync;
// Create a DirectX graphics interface factory.
result = CreateDXGIFactory(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory), (void**)&factory);
if (FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Use the factory to create an adapter for the primary graphics interface (video card).
result = factory->EnumAdapters(0, &adapter);
if (FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Enumerate the primary adapter output (monitor).
result = adapter->EnumOutputs(0, &adapterOutput);
if (FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Get the number of modes that fit the DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM display format for the adapter output (monitor).
result = adapterOutput->GetDisplayModeList(DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, DXGI_ENUM_MODES_INTERLACED, &numModes, NULL);
if (FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Create a list to hold all the possible display modes for this monitor/video card combination.
displayModeList = new DXGI_MODE_DESC[numModes];
if (!displayModeList)
{
return false;
}
// Now fill the display mode list structures.
result = adapterOutput->GetDisplayModeList(DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, DXGI_ENUM_MODES_INTERLACED, &numModes, displayModeList);
if (FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Now go through all the display modes and find the one that matches the screen width and height.
// When a match is found store the numerator and denominator of the refresh rate for that monitor.
for (i = 0; i<numModes; i++)
{
if (displayModeList[i].Width == (unsigned int)screenWidth)
{
if (displayModeList[i].Height == (unsigned int)screenHeight)
{
numerator = displayModeList[i].RefreshRate.Numerator;
denominator = displayModeList[i].RefreshRate.Denominator;
}
}
}
// Get the adapter (video card) description.
result = adapter->GetDesc(&adapterDesc);
if (FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Store the dedicated video card memory in megabytes.
m_videoCardMemory = (int)(adapterDesc.DedicatedVideoMemory / 1024 / 1024);
// Convert the name of the video card to a character array and store it.
error = wcstombs_s(&stringLength, m_videoCardDescription, 128, adapterDesc.Description, 128);
error = wcstombs_s(&stringLength, m_videoCardDescription, 128, adapterDesc.Description, 128);
if (error != 0)
{
return false;
}
// Release the display mode list.
delete[] displayModeList;
displayModeList = 0;
// Release the adapter output.
adapterOutput->Release();
adapterOutput = 0;
// Release the adapter.
adapter->Release();
adapter = 0;
// Release the factory.
factory->Release();
factory = 0;
// Initialize the swap chain description.
ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(swapChainDesc));
// Set to a single back buffer.
swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1;
// Set the width and height of the back buffer.
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Width = screenWidth;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Height = screenHeight;
// Set regular 32-bit surface for the back buffer.
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
// Set the refresh rate of the back buffer.
if (m_vsync_enabled)
{
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = numerator;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = denominator;
}
else
{
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 0;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
}
// Set the usage of the back buffer.
swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
// Set the handle for the window to render to.
swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;
// Turn multisampling off.
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
// Set to full screen or windowed mode.
if (fullscreen)
{
swapChainDesc.Windowed = false;
}
else
{
swapChainDesc.Windowed = true;
}
// Set the scan line ordering and scaling to unspecified.
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
// Discard the back buffer contents after presenting.
swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
// Don't set the advanced flags.
swapChainDesc.Flags = 0;
// Set the feature level to DirectX 11.
featureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0;
// Create the swap chain, Direct3D device, and Direct3D device context.
result = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG | D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT, &featureLevel, 1,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &m_swapChain, &m_device, NULL, &m_deviceContext);
if (FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Get the pointer to the back buffer.
result = m_swapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (LPVOID*)&backBufferPtr);
if (FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Create the render target view with the back buffer pointer.
result = m_device->CreateRenderTargetView(backBufferPtr, NULL, &m_renderTargetView);
if (FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Release pointer to the back buffer as we no longer need it.
backBufferPtr->Release();
backBufferPtr = 0;
// Initialize the description of the depth buffer.
ZeroMemory(&depthBufferDesc, sizeof(depthBufferDesc));
// Set up the description of the depth buffer.
depthBufferDesc.Width = screenWidth;
depthBufferDesc.Height = screenHeight;
depthBufferDesc.MipLevels = 1;
depthBufferDesc.ArraySize = 1;
depthBufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
depthBufferDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
depthBufferDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
depthBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
depthBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;
depthBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
depthBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
// Create the texture for the depth buffer using the filled out description.
result = m_device->CreateTexture2D(&depthBufferDesc, NULL, &m_depthStencilBuffer);
if (FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Initialize the description of the stencil state.
ZeroMemory(&depthStencilDesc, sizeof(depthStencilDesc));
// Set up the description of the stencil state.
depthStencilDesc.DepthEnable = true;
depthStencilDesc.DepthWriteMask = D3D11_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK_ALL;
depthStencilDesc.DepthFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_LESS;
depthStencilDesc.StencilEnable = true;
depthStencilDesc.StencilReadMask = 0xFF;
depthStencilDesc.StencilWriteMask = 0xFF;
// Stencil operations if pixel is front-facing.
depthStencilDesc.FrontFace.StencilFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
depthStencilDesc.FrontFace.StencilDepthFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_INCR;
depthStencilDesc.FrontFace.StencilPassOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
depthStencilDesc.FrontFace.StencilFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_ALWAYS;
// Stencil operations if pixel is back-facing.
depthStencilDesc.BackFace.StencilFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
depthStencilDesc.BackFace.StencilDepthFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_DECR;
depthStencilDesc.BackFace.StencilPassOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
depthStencilDesc.BackFace.StencilFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_ALWAYS;
// Create the depth stencil state.
result = m_device->CreateDepthStencilState(&depthStencilDesc, &m_depthStencilState);
if (FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Set the depth stencil state.
m_deviceContext->OMSetDepthStencilState(m_depthStencilState, 1);
// Initialize the depth stencil view.
ZeroMemory(&depthStencilViewDesc, sizeof(depthStencilViewDesc));
// Set up the depth stencil view description.
depthStencilViewDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
depthStencilViewDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_DSV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
depthStencilViewDesc.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0;
// Create the depth stencil view.
result = m_device->CreateDepthStencilView(m_depthStencilBuffer, &depthStencilViewDesc, &m_depthStencilView);
if (FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Bind the render target view and depth stencil buffer to the output render pipeline.
m_deviceContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &m_renderTargetView, m_depthStencilView);
// create the D2D factory
// Setup the raster description which will determine how and what polygons will be drawn.
rasterDesc.AntialiasedLineEnable = true;
rasterDesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_BACK;
rasterDesc.DepthBias = 0;
rasterDesc.DepthBiasClamp = 0.0f;
rasterDesc.DepthClipEnable = true;
rasterDesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_SOLID;
rasterDesc.FrontCounterClockwise = false;
rasterDesc.MultisampleEnable = false;
rasterDesc.ScissorEnable = false;
rasterDesc.SlopeScaledDepthBias = 0.0f;
// Create the rasterizer state from the description we just filled out.
result = m_device->CreateRasterizerState(&rasterDesc, &m_rasterState);
if (FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Now set the rasterizer state.
m_deviceContext->RSSetState(m_rasterState);
// Setup the viewport for rendering.
viewport.Width = (float)screenWidth;
viewport.Height = (float)screenHeight;
viewport.MinDepth = 0.0f;
viewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f;
viewport.TopLeftX = 0.0f;
viewport.TopLeftY = 0.0f;
// Create the viewport.
m_deviceContext->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);
// Setup the projection matrix.
fieldOfView = 3.141592654f / 4.0f;
screenAspect = (float)screenWidth / (float)screenHeight;
// Create the projection matrix for 3D rendering.
m_projectionMatrix = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(fieldOfView, screenAspect, screenNear, screenDepth);
// Initialize the world matrix to the identity matrix.
m_worldMatrix = XMMatrixIdentity();
// Create an orthographic projection matrix for 2D rendering.
m_orthoMatrix = XMMatrixOrthographicLH((float)screenWidth, (float)screenHeight, screenNear, screenDepth);
return true;
}
void D3DClass::Shutdown()
{
// Before shutting down set to windowed mode or when you release the swap chain it will throw an exception.
if (m_swapChain)
{
m_swapChain->SetFullscreenState(false, NULL);
}
if (m_rasterState)
{
m_rasterState->Release();
m_rasterState = 0;
}
if (m_depthStencilView)
{
m_depthStencilView->Release();
m_depthStencilView = 0;
}
if (m_depthStencilState)
{
m_depthStencilState->Release();
m_depthStencilState = 0;
}
if (m_depthStencilBuffer)
{
m_depthStencilBuffer->Release();
m_depthStencilBuffer = 0;
}
if (m_renderTargetView)
{
m_renderTargetView->Release();
m_renderTargetView = 0;
}
if (m_deviceContext)
{
m_deviceContext->Release();
m_deviceContext = 0;
}
if (m_device)
{
m_device->Release();
m_device = 0;
}
if (m_swapChain)
{
m_swapChain->Release();
m_swapChain = 0;
}
return;
}
void D3DClass::BeginScene(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha)
{
float color[4];
// Setup the color to clear the buffer to.
color[0] = red;
color[1] = green;
color[2] = blue;
color[3] = alpha;
// Clear the back buffer.
m_deviceContext->ClearRenderTargetView(m_renderTargetView, color);
// Clear the depth buffer.
m_deviceContext->ClearDepthStencilView(m_depthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH, 1.0f, 0);
return;
}
void D3DClass::ClearDepthStencilView() {
m_deviceContext->ClearDepthStencilView(m_depthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH, 1.0f, 0);
}
void D3DClass::EndScene()
{
// Present the back buffer to the screen since rendering is complete.
if (m_vsync_enabled)
{
// Lock to screen refresh rate.
m_swapChain->Present(1, 0);
}
else
{
// Present as fast as possible.
m_swapChain->Present(0, 0);
}
return;
}
ID3D11Device* D3DClass::GetDevice()
{
return m_device;
}
ID3D11DeviceContext* D3DClass::GetDeviceContext()
{
return m_deviceContext;
}
void D3DClass::GetProjectionMatrix(XMMATRIX& projectionMatrix)
{
projectionMatrix = m_projectionMatrix;
return;
}
void D3DClass::GetWorldMatrix(XMMATRIX& worldMatrix)
{
worldMatrix = m_worldMatrix;
return;
}
void D3DClass::GetOrthoMatrix(XMMATRIX& orthoMatrix)
{
orthoMatrix = m_orthoMatrix;
return;
}
void D3DClass::GetVideoCardInfo(char* cardName, int& memory)
{
strcpy_s(cardName, 128, m_videoCardDescription);
memory = m_videoCardMemory;
return;
}
graphicsclass. cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: graphicsclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "graphicsclass.h"
#include <d3d11_4.h>
#include <string>
GraphicsClass::GraphicsClass()
{
m_Direct2D = 0;
m_Direct3D = 0;
m_Camera = 0;
m_Model = 0;
m_TextureShader = 0;
user_textData=L"testtest";
delta = 0;
}
clock_t begin_time = clock();
float framesPerSecond = 0;
int finalFrame = 0;
GraphicsClass::GraphicsClass(const GraphicsClass& other)
{
}
GraphicsClass::~GraphicsClass()
{
}
bool GraphicsClass::Initialize(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, HWND hwnd)
{
bool result;
// Create the Direct3D object.
m_Direct3D = new D3DClass;
if (!m_Direct3D)
{
return false;
}
// Initialize the Direct3D object.
result = m_Direct3D->Initialize(screenWidth, screenHeight, VSYNC_ENABLED, hwnd, FULL_SCREEN, SCREEN_DEPTH, SCREEN_NEAR);
if (!result)
{
MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize Direct3D.", L"Error", MB_OK);
return false;
}
m_Direct2D = new D2DClass;
if (!m_Direct2D)
{
return false;
}
result = m_Direct2D->Initialize(screenWidth, screenHeight, VSYNC_ENABLED, hwnd, m_Direct3D->m_swapChain);
if (!result)
{
MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize the color shader object.", L"Error", MB_OK);
return false;
}
// Create the camera object.
m_Camera = new CameraClass;
if (!m_Camera)
{
return false;
}
// Set the initial position of the camera.
m_Camera->SetPosition(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f);
// Create the model object.
m_Model = new ModelClass;
if (!m_Model)
{
return false;
}
//PIXEL FORMAT SHOULD BE A8...
char img[] = "xxxxx.tga";
char img2[] = "stone01.tga";
// Initialize the model object.
result = m_Model->Initialize(m_Direct3D->GetDevice(), m_Direct3D->GetDeviceContext(), img);
if (!result)
{
MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize the model object.", L"Error", MB_OK);
return false;
}
// Create the texture shader object.
m_TextureShader = new TextureShaderClass;
if (!m_TextureShader)
{
return false;
}
// Initialize the color shader object.
result = m_TextureShader->Initialize(m_Direct3D->GetDevice(), hwnd);
if (!result)
{
MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize the color shader object.", L"Error", MB_OK);
return false;
}
return true;
}
void GraphicsClass::Shutdown()
{
// Release the texture shader object.
if (m_TextureShader)
{
m_TextureShader->Shutdown();
delete m_TextureShader;
m_TextureShader = 0;
}
// Release the model object.
if (m_Model)
{
m_Model->Shutdown();
delete m_Model;
m_Model = 0;
}
// Release the camera object.
if (m_Camera)
{
delete m_Camera;
m_Camera = 0;
}
// Release the D3D object.
if (m_Direct3D)
{
m_Direct3D->Shutdown();
delete m_Direct3D;
m_Direct3D = 0;
}
// Release the D2D object.
if (m_Direct2D)
{
m_Direct2D->Shutdown();
delete m_Direct2D;
m_Direct2D = 0;
}
return;
}
ColorF cf[]{ ColorF::White,ColorF::Red,ColorF::Green,ColorF::Blue,ColorF::Yellow,ColorF::Orange,ColorF::Black,ColorF::Brown,ColorF::DarkRed,ColorF::DarkBlue,ColorF::DarkGreen,ColorF::Azure,ColorF::Aqua,ColorF::Purple,ColorF::DarkRed,ColorF::Cyan,ColorF::DarkCyan };
int arrayMax = (sizeof(cf[0])-1);
int RandIndex = 0;
bool GraphicsClass::Frame()
{
framesPerSecond++;
if (delta >= 1.0f) {
finalFrame = framesPerSecond;
framesPerSecond = delta = 0; begin_time = clock();
RandIndex = rand() % arrayMax;
}
else {
delta = float(clock() - begin_time) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
}
bool result;
// Render the graphics scene.
result = Render();
if (!result)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool GraphicsClass::Render()
{
XMMATRIX worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix;
bool result;
// Clear the buffers to begin the scene.
m_Direct3D->BeginScene(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
// Generate the view matrix based on the camera's position.
m_Camera->Render();
// Get the world, view, and projection matrices from the camera and d3d objects.
m_Direct3D->GetWorldMatrix(worldMatrix);
m_Camera->GetViewMatrix(viewMatrix);
m_Direct3D->GetProjectionMatrix(projectionMatrix);
// Put the model vertex and index buffers on the graphics pipeline to prepare them for drawing.
m_Model->Render(m_Direct3D->GetDeviceContext());
// Render the model using the texture shader.
result = m_TextureShader->Render(m_Direct3D->GetDeviceContext(), m_Model->GetIndexCount(), worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix, m_Model->GetTexture());
if (!result)
{
return false;
}
// draw the text
wstring FPS_STRING = to_wstring(finalFrame).append(L"Frames Per Second !");
const wchar_t *test[] = { FPS_STRING.c_str() };
m_Direct2D->RenderText(*test, L"Windows Command Prompt", 0, 0,cf[RandIndex]);
const wchar_t *usr_txt[] = { user_textData.c_str() };
m_Direct2D->RenderText(*usr_txt, L"Windows Command Prompt", 0, 70, ColorF::Red);
// render stroked rounded Rectangle
//m_Direct2D->RenderRectangle(XMFLOAT2(70, 30), XMFLOAT2(100, 100), XMFLOAT2(6, 6), 3.0f, ColorF::Red, true, false, true);
// Present the rendered scene to the screen.
m_Direct3D->EndScene();
/*m_Direct2D->m_D2DMultithread->Leave();*/
return true;
}