django // Необработанный запрос должен включать первичный ключ

Question

Python 3.6

Django 2.2.3

Mariadb

---

Я занимаюсь разработкой веб-программы с использованием Django, которая отображает различную статистику.

Создано "models.py" с помощью "inspectdb" из существующей базы данных MariaDB.

Я пытаюсь использовать необработанные запросы из-за смешанных запросов из многих таблиц

Однако возникает следующая ошибка.

django.db.models.query_utils.InvalidQuery: Raw query must include the primary key

Таблицы Mariadb

# table : user
uid(int(10), primary, auto_increment)
email(varchar(100))
created_at(timestamp)

# table : user_logs
seq(int(11), primary, auto_increment)
uid(int(10))
acct_type(tinyint(2))
log_type(varchar(20))
created_at(timestamp)

#query
SELECT
       years,
       months,
       sum(download) AS download,
       sum(countin) AS user_regist,
       sum(countout) AS user_login
FROM (
        SELECT
               YEAR(DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)) AS years,
               MONTH(DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)) AS months,
               count(1) AS `countin`,0  AS `countout`, 0 AS 'download'
        FROM user `in`
        WHERE (
                  DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR) >= '2019-09-01 00:00:00' AND
                  DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR) < '2020-01-20 00:00:00')
        GROUP BY `years`, `months`
        UNION
        SELECT
               YEAR(DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)) AS years,
               MONTH(DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)) AS months,
               0 `countin`,
               count(1)  AS `countout`,
               0 AS 'download'
        FROM user_logs `out`
        WHERE (
                  acct_type = 1 AND
                  log_type = 'login' AND
                  DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR) >= '2019-09-01 00:00:00' AND
                  DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR) < '2020-01-20 00:00:00')
        GROUP BY `years`, `months`
) `regist_and_login_monthly`
GROUP BY years, months;

результат запроса

models.py

class User(models.Model):
    uid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    email = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=True)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'user'
        ordering = ['-created_at']


class UserLogs(models.Model):
    seq = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    uid = models.PositiveIntegerField(primary_key=True)
    acct_type = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    log_type = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=True, null=True)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'user_logs'
        ordering = ['-created_at']

views.py

# same as query
user_monthly_status = User.objects.raw(
        '''
        SELECT
               years,
               months,
               sum(download) AS download,
               sum(countin) AS user_regist,
               sum(countout) AS user_login
        FROM (
                SELECT
                       YEAR(DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)) AS years,
                       MONTH(DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)) AS months,
                       count(1) AS `countin`,0  AS `countout`, 0 AS 'download'
                FROM user `in`
                WHERE (
                          DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR) >= '2019-09-01 00:00:00' AND
                          DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR) < '2020-01-20 00:00:00')
                GROUP BY `years`, `months`
                UNION
                SELECT
                       YEAR(DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)) AS years,
                       MONTH(DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)) AS months,
                       0 `countin`,
                       count(1)  AS `countout`,
                       0 AS 'download'
                FROM user_logs `out`
                WHERE (
                          acct_type = 1 AND
                          log_type = 'login' AND
                          DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR) >= '2019-09-01 00:00:00' AND
                          DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR) < '2020-01-20 00:00:00')
                GROUP BY `years`, `months`
        ) `regist_and_login_monthly`
        GROUP BY years, months;
        '''
    )

Когда я искал эту ошибку, люди говорили: «1 в качестве идентификатора» или «основной столбец каждой таблицы» в каждом » Выберите ', но возникла та же ошибка.

Что мне делать?

Answer 1

Как только я заполню вопрос, я решу его и поделюсь результатом.

подсказка от https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/db/sql/#deferring -model-fields

Я добавил 'PK column' таблицы 'для каждого' Select 'и поместите один из них в первый' Select '.

user_monthly_status = User.objects.raw(
        '''
        SELECT
              uid, # add !!!!!!!
               years,
               months,
               sum(download) AS download,
               sum(countin) AS user_regist,
               sum(countout) AS user_login
        FROM (
                SELECT
                        uid,# add !!!!!!!
                       YEAR(DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)) AS years,
                       MONTH(DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)) AS months,
                       count(1) AS `countin`,0  AS `countout`, 0 AS 'download'
                FROM user `in`
                WHERE (
                          DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR) >= '2019-09-01 00:00:00' AND
                          DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR) < '2020-01-20 00:00:00')
                GROUP BY `years`, `months`
                UNION
                SELECT
                       seq,# add !!!!!!!!
                       YEAR(DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)) AS years,
                       MONTH(DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)) AS months,
                       0 `countin`,
                       count(1)  AS `countout`,
                       0 AS 'download'
                FROM user_logs `out`
                WHERE (
                          acct_type = 1 AND
                          log_type = 'login' AND
                          DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR) >= '2019-09-01 00:00:00' AND
                          DATE_ADD(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR) < '2020-01-20 00:00:00')
                GROUP BY `years`, `months`
        ) `regist_and_login_monthly`
        GROUP BY years, months;
        '''
    )