вы можете сделать что-то подобное
d = {}
with open('t.txt') as f:
for i in f:
l = i.split()
d[l[0]] = l[1::]
In [7]: d
Out[7]:
{'a': ['12', '15', '16', '13'],
'b': ['9', '83', '24', '72'],
'c': ['4', '52', '17', '93'],
'd': ['12', '84', '33', '80'],
'e': ['29', '25', '33', '47'],
'f': ['82', '11', '18', '9'],
'g': ['12', '21', '93', '77']}
обновление со строкой изменения значения int на d[l[0]] = list(map(int, l[1::]))
with open('t.txt') as f:
for i in f:
l = i.split()
print(l)
d[l[0]] = list(map(int, l[1::]))
output
Out[18]:
{'a': [12, 15, 16, 13],
'b': [9, 83, 24, 72],
'c': [4, 52, 17, 93],
'd': [12, 84, 33, 80],
'e': [29, 25, 33, 47],
'f': [82, 11, 18, 9],
'g': [12, 21, 93, 77]}