Вы имеете в виду что-то вроде ниже?
set.seed(1)
x <- runif(10000, 0, 1)
n <- 10
bin <- cut(x,seq(0,1,by = 1/n))
tapply(x, bin, mean)
такое, что
> tapply(x, bin, mean)
(0,0.1] (0.1,0.2] (0.2,0.3] (0.3,0.4]
0.04969784 0.14970878 0.25173077 0.35135862
(0.4,0.5] (0.5,0.6] (0.6,0.7] (0.7,0.8]
0.44943688 0.54991184 0.65178575 0.75063907
(0.8,0.9] (0.9,1]
0.85072782 0.94989779