Как то так? Используя dplyr
и некоторые подготовленные данные:
library("dplyr")
df <- data.frame(element = c(rep("el1", 10), rep("el2", 10)),
character = c(rep("A", 5), rep("G", 5), rep("T", 5), "C", "C", "C", "A", "G"))
df %>% group_by(element, character) %>%
summarize(n = n())
# A tibble: 6 x 3
# Groups: element [2]
element character n
<fct> <fct> <int>
1 el1 A 5
2 el1 G 5
3 el2 A 1
4 el2 C 3
5 el2 G 1
6 el2 T 5