Вы можете использовать cumsum
:
In [679]: df = pd.DataFrame({"A":[5, 3, 6, 4],
...: "B":[11, 2, 4, 3],
...: "C":[4, 3, 8, 5],
...: "D":[5, 4, 2, 8]})
In [680]: df
Out[680]:
A B C D
0 5 11 4 5
1 3 2 3 4
2 6 4 8 2
3 4 3 5 8
In [682]: df.A.cumsum(axis=0)
Out[682]:
0 5
1 8
2 14
3 18