Я пытаюсь научиться использовать функции, чтобы мой код было легче читать и вспоминать. Я практикуюсь в функции, которая, как ожидается, будет подмножеством моих данных с помощью filter() (в соответствии с одним из аргументов функции), сохраняя только часть столбцов данных, которые я передаю в функцию с помощью select(), и строю тренд индекс с течением времени с ggplot() + geom_line().
Я нашел несколько связанных вопросов, но не смог решить проблему ни с одним из них. Я думаю, что моя проблема связана с тем, как я включаю аргументы в саму функцию. Поскольку я новичок в написании функций на R (и, в некоторой степени, в самом R), я хотел бы понять, чего мне не хватает.
Ниже образец моих данных, полученных с помощью dput() :
structure(list(denominazione_regione = c("Abruzzo", "Abruzzo",
"Abruzzo", "Abruzzo", "Abruzzo", "Abruzzo", "Abruzzo", "Abruzzo",
"Abruzzo", "Abruzzo", "Basilicata", "Basilicata", "Basilicata",
"Basilicata", "Basilicata", "Basilicata", "Basilicata", "Basilicata",
"Basilicata", "Basilicata", "Calabria", "Calabria", "Calabria",
"Calabria", "Calabria", "Calabria", "Calabria", "Calabria", "Calabria",
"Calabria", "Campania", "Campania", "Campania", "Campania", "Campania",
"Campania", "Campania", "Campania", "Campania", "Campania", "Emilia-Romagna",
"Emilia-Romagna", "Emilia-Romagna", "Emilia-Romagna", "Emilia-Romagna",
"Emilia-Romagna", "Emilia-Romagna", "Emilia-Romagna", "Emilia-Romagna",
"Emilia-Romagna", "Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Friuli Venezia Giulia",
"Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Friuli Venezia Giulia",
"Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Friuli Venezia Giulia",
"Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Lazio", "Lazio",
"Lazio", "Lazio", "Lazio", "Lazio", "Lazio", "Lazio", "Lazio",
"Lazio", "Liguria", "Liguria", "Liguria", "Liguria", "Liguria",
"Liguria", "Liguria", "Liguria", "Liguria", "Liguria", "Lombardia",
"Lombardia", "Lombardia", "Lombardia", "Lombardia", "Lombardia",
"Lombardia", "Lombardia", "Lombardia", "Lombardia", "Marche",
"Marche", "Marche", "Marche", "Marche", "Marche", "Marche", "Marche",
"Marche", "Marche", "Molise", "Molise", "Molise", "Molise", "Molise",
"Molise", "Molise", "Molise", "Molise", "Molise", "P.A. Bolzano",
"P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Bolzano",
"P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Bolzano",
"P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento",
"P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento",
"P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento", "Piemonte", "Piemonte", "Piemonte",
"Piemonte", "Piemonte", "Piemonte", "Piemonte", "Piemonte", "Piemonte",
"Piemonte", "Puglia", "Puglia", "Puglia", "Puglia", "Puglia",
"Puglia", "Puglia", "Puglia", "Puglia", "Puglia", "Sardegna",
"Sardegna", "Sardegna", "Sardegna", "Sardegna", "Sardegna", "Sardegna",
"Sardegna", "Sardegna", "Sardegna", "Sicilia", "Sicilia", "Sicilia",
"Sicilia", "Sicilia", "Sicilia", "Sicilia", "Sicilia", "Sicilia",
"Sicilia", "Toscana", "Toscana", "Toscana", "Toscana", "Toscana",
"Toscana", "Toscana", "Toscana", "Toscana", "Toscana", "Umbria",
"Umbria", "Umbria", "Umbria", "Umbria", "Umbria", "Umbria", "Umbria",
"Umbria", "Umbria", "Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta",
"Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta",
"Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta", "Veneto",
"Veneto", "Veneto", "Veneto", "Veneto", "Veneto", "Veneto", "Veneto",
"Veneto", "Veneto"), mese = c(4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4,
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5), giorno = c(13, 14, 15, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 4, 6, 4, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
30, 31, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 27, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 16,
17, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 5, 6, 17, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 2, 3, 17, 3, 4, 5, 15,
16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 29,
30, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17), indice_covid = c(0.000722977172570487,
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15202.0032400773, 15286.6775188485, 13562.5240475235, 13758.6297471818,
14021.7576885192, 13988.6166137682, 13799.4732041881, 13751.7527026863,
13766.2678000316, 13571.910060438, 13623.0779614024, 13655.3846995732,
3709.28719515099, 3663.770468982, 3821.5951582046, 3732.70198593756,
3749.35660560317, 3778.03816208134, 3855.68070346596, 3810.36811408214,
3820.42951574437, 3665.04005381276, 3335.56624585953, 3512.40456485421,
3740.2617672617, 3888.6891916591, 3461.08282215474, 3728.54412703095,
3446.18323547991, 3258.89579011162, 3257.60074199724, 3276.18490288943,
32348.8642996309, 33599.4870235032, 33210.484779231, 33958.2022804436,
32468.5316869857, 32641.9078779708, 32259.8982267784, 32091.6180955748,
32341.9966623645, 32470.5441332424, 1721.88218494195, 1743.47148672928,
1760.81697619303, 1785.43776756444, 1722.99460417864, 1736.77961832881,
1762.4300896669, 1780.11858361459, 1800.48266294519, 1809.31694906057
)), row.names = c(NA, -210L), class = c("grouped_df", "tbl_df",
"tbl", "data.frame"), groups = structure(list(denominazione_regione = c("Abruzzo",
"Basilicata", "Calabria", "Campania", "Emilia-Romagna", "Friuli Venezia Giulia",
"Lazio", "Liguria", "Lombardia", "Marche", "Molise", "P.A. Bolzano",
"P.A. Trento", "Piemonte", "Puglia", "Sardegna", "Sicilia", "Toscana",
"Umbria", "Valle d'Aosta", "Veneto"), .rows = list(1:10, 11:20,
21:30, 31:40, 41:50, 51:60, 61:70, 71:80, 81:90, 91:100,
101:110, 111:120, 121:130, 131:140, 141:150, 151:160, 161:170,
171:180, 181:190, 191:200, 201:210)), row.names = c(NA, -21L
), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"), .drop = TRUE))
Функция :
Функция, с которой я практикуюсь, имеет 3 аргумента: набор данных (который я назвал data.moving) и 2 дополнительные записи: один для подмножества данных в соответствии со столбцом denominazione_regione, второй для выбора индекса для построения графика во времени (data.frame I, поданный в функцию, имеет 3 возможных индекса)
plot_by_reg <- function(df, reg, dato) {
#d <-
df %>%
dplyr::filter(denominazione_regione == reg) %>%
dplyr::mutate(calendario = format(as.Date(paste(mese,giorno , sep = "-" ) , format = "%m-%d" ), "%m-%d")) %>%
dplyr::select(c(denominazione_regione, calendario, all_of(dato))) %>%
ggplot(aes(x=df$calendario, y=df$dato)) + #, group = 1)) +
geom_line(aes(group = 1)) +
theme_dark()
}
Проблемы :
Когда я вызываю функцию, R возвращает следующую ошибку>
plot_by_reg(df = data.moving, reg = "Toscana", dato = "indice_covid")
Errore: geom_line requires the following missing aesthetics: x and y
Run `rlang::last_error()` to see where the error occurred.
И наоборот, если я изменяю эстетику ggplot(), чтобы вызвать аргумент функции (заключено в кавычки "" при вызове функции (я получаю график, где линия горизонтальна и без реального значения по оси y
plot_by_reg <- function(df, reg, dato) {
#d <-
df %>%
dplyr::filter(denominazione_regione == reg) %>%
dplyr::mutate(calendario = format(as.Date(paste(mese,giorno , sep = "-" ) , format = "%m-%d" ), "%m-%d")) %>%
dplyr::select(c(denominazione_regione, calendario, all_of(dato))) #%>%
ggplot(aes(x = calendario, y = dato) + #, group = 1)) +
geom_line(aes(group = 1)) +
theme_dark()
}
Наконец, если я изменю plot_by_reg, удалив часть ggplot(), функция заработает , напечатав data.frame с 3 столбцами
plot_by_reg <- function(df, reg, dato) {
#d <-
df %>%
dplyr::filter(denominazione_regione == reg) %>%
dplyr::mutate(calendario = format(as.Date(paste(mese,giorno , sep = "-" ) , format = "%m-%d" ), "%m-%d")) %>%
dplyr::select(c(denominazione_regione, calendario, all_of(dato))) #%>%
#ggplot(aes(x=df$calendario, y=df$dato)) + #, group = 1)) +
#geom_line(aes(group = 1)) +
#theme_dark()
}
Я думаю, что проблема заключается в том, как я вызываю аргумент функции внутри него, но насколько я пытался его изменить, я всегда обнаруживал ошибку . Например, если я пытаюсь передать аргумент dato без "", R выдает ошибку Error in plot_by_reg(df = data.moving, reg = Toscana, dato = indice_covid) : object "indice_covid" not found в строке select(), так как не находит элемент df$dato. Те же команды вне функции работают отлично.
РЕДАКТИРОВАТЬ
Я забыл упомянуть особенность машины, с которой я работаю:
Sys.info()
sysname release version nodename machine login
"Windows" "10 x64" "build 18362" "DESKTOP-7D7TTKL" "x86-64" "Filippo"
user effective_user
"Filippo" "Filippo"
R.version
_
platform x86_64-w64-mingw32
arch x86_64
os mingw32
system x86_64, mingw32
status
major 3
minor 6.2
year 2019
month 12
day 12
svn rev 77560
language R
version.string R version 3.6.2 (2019-12-12)
nickname Dark and Stormy Night
library(tidyverse)
-- Attaching packages --------------------------------------- tidyverse 1.3.0 --
v ggplot2 3.3.0 v purrr 0.3.3
v tibble 2.1.3 v dplyr 0.8.4
v tidyr 1.0.2 v stringr 1.4.0
v readr 1.3.1 v forcats 0.4.0
-- Conflicts ------------------------------------------ tidyverse_conflicts() --
x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
x dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
Warning messages:
1: package ‘tidyverse’ was built under R version 3.6.3
2: package ‘ggplot2’ was built under R version 3.6.3