Установка пути к пользовательской библиотеке для python пакетов

Question

Как я могу указать python искать библиотеки, отличные от той, которая используется по умолчанию для pip? Ошибка

$ python main.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 6, in <module>
    import torch
ImportError: No module named torch

и библиотеки здесь:

$ export PYTHONPATH=/mnt/local/mahmood/pt/pytorch/torch/lib
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/mnt/local/mahmood/pt/pytorch/torch/lib
$ ls -l /mnt/local/mahmood/pt/pytorch/torch/lib
total 555032
drwxr-xr-x 5 mahmood mahmood-group      4096 Dec 12  2019 c10d
drwxr-xr-x 4 mahmood mahmood-group      4096 Dec 24  2019 cmake
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group    494106 Dec 24  2019 libasmjit.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group    240624 Dec 24  2019 libc10_cuda.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group   2113386 Dec 24  2019 libc10d.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group    376256 Dec 24  2019 libc10.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group   1602816 Dec 24  2019 libcaffe2_detectron_ops_gpu.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group    125024 Dec 24  2019 libcaffe2_module_test_dynamic.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group     13304 Dec 24  2019 libcaffe2_nvrtc.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group    163968 Dec 24  2019 libcaffe2_observers.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group      7250 Dec 24  2019 libclog.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group     96062 Dec 24  2019 libcpuinfo.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group  13214612 Dec 24  2019 libfbgemm.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group   1363714 Dec 24  2019 libgloo.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group   8854326 Dec 24  2019 libgloo_cuda.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group  51989326 Dec 24  2019 libmkldnn.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group    255332 Dec 24  2019 libnnpack.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group   6090766 Dec 24  2019 libprotobuf.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group    779994 Dec 24  2019 libprotobuf-lite.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group   5386362 Dec 24  2019 libprotoc.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group     11302 Dec 24  2019 libpthreadpool.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group    190858 Dec 24  2019 libpytorch_qnnpack.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group    159656 Dec 24  2019 libqnnpack.a
drwxr-xr-x 2 mahmood mahmood-group      4096 Dec 12  2019 libshm
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group     51608 Dec 24  2019 libshm.so
drwxr-xr-x 2 mahmood mahmood-group      4096 Dec 12  2019 libshm_windows
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group   4425114 Dec 24  2019 libsleef.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group 111076296 Dec 24  2019 libtorch_cpu.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group 323114952 Dec 24  2019 libtorch_cuda.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group  36070912 Dec 24  2019 libtorch_python.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 mahmood mahmood-group      7488 Dec 24  2019 libtorch.so
drwxr-xr-x 2 mahmood mahmood-group      4096 Dec 24  2019 pkgconfig
drwxr-xr-x 3 mahmood mahmood-group      4096 Dec 24  2019 python2.7

Answer 1

sys.path содержит пути, по которым Python будет искать модули. Вы можете append (или insert) до sys.path по любому пути, который вам нужен. В вашем случае следующий путь добавит соответствующий путь:

import sys; sys.path.append('/mnt/local/mahmood/pt/pytorch')

Answer 2

pip install --install-option="--prefix=$PREFIX_PATH" package_name

или

pip install package_name -t /path/to/destination