Вы можете попробовать следующее:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
x = [0, np.nan, 2, 3, 4, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91]
df = pd.DataFrame({"x":x})
df['indicator'] = df.x*(df.x <=50)
Вывод:
x indicator
0 0.0 0.0
1 NaN NaN
2 2.0 2.0
3 3.0 3.0
4 4.0 4.0
5 51.0 0.0
6 61.0 0.0
7 71.0 0.0
8 81.0 0.0
9 91.0 0.0
Для точного вывода:
mport numpy as np
import pandas as pd
x = [0, np.nan, 2, 3, 4, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91]
df = pd.DataFrame({"x":x})
df['indicator'] = np.where(df.x.isnull(), np.nan, df.x < 50)
Вывод:
x indicator
0 0.0 1.0
1 NaN NaN
2 2.0 1.0
3 3.0 1.0
4 4.0 1.0
5 51.0 0.0
6 61.0 0.0
7 71.0 0.0
8 81.0 0.0
9 91.0 0.0