Поместите условия where
в join
SELECT p.name, p.quantity, p.input as input, p.price as price, SUM(ifnull(i.quantity,0)) as count
FROM product p
LEFT JOIN order_items i ON p.id = i.product_id
LEFT JOIN orders o ON o.id = i.order_id
AND `o`.`date` = '2020-05-20'
AND `o`.`time_start` = '11:30:00'
AND `o`.`time_end` = '12:30:00'
GROUP BY p.name
В противном случае ваше предложение where
превратит ваш left join
в inner join
SQLFiddle