Было бы излишним перебирать столбцы, но простой подход заключался бы в объединении разделенных столбцов и обновлении их новыми
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import io
data = '''
,FrameLen,FrameCapLen,IPHdrLen,TLSRecordLen,TLSAppData,PacketTime
0,"[117, 66]","[117, 66]","[20, 20]","[46.0, nan]","[nan, nan]",0.000045
1,"[117, 66]","[117, 66]","[20, 20]","[46.0, nan]","[nan, nan]",0.000024
2,"[117, 66]","[117, 66]","[20, 20]","[46.0, nan]","[nan, nan]",0.000027
3,"[117, 66]","[117, 66]","[20, 20]","[46.0, nan]","[nan, nan]",0.000024
4,"[117, 66]","[117, 66]","[20, 20]","[46.0, nan]","[nan, nan]",0.000011
'''
df = pd.read_csv(io.StringIO(data), sep=',', index_col=0)
# new columns create
c1 = df['FrameLen'].str.replace(r'^\[|\]$','').str.split(',', expand=True)
c2 = df['FrameCapLen'].str.replace(r'^\[|\]$','').str.split(',', expand=True)
c3 = df['IPHdrLen'].str.replace(r'^\[|\]$','').str.split(',', expand=True)
c4 = df['TLSRecordLen'].str.replace(r'^\[|\]$','').str.split(',', expand=True)
c5 = df['TLSAppData'].str.replace(r'^\[|\]$','').str.split(',', expand=True)
# new columns name create
new_col = [['{}_0'.format(col),'{}_1'.format(col)] for col in df.columns[:5]]
new_col = sum(new_col,[])
new_col.append('PacketTime')
# concat()
df_all = pd.concat([c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,df[['PacketTime']]], axis=1)
df_all.columns = new_col
df_all
| | FrameLen_0 | FrameLen_1 | FrameCapLen_0 | FrameCapLen_1 | IPHdrLen_0 | IPHdrLen_1 | TLSRecordLen_0 | TLSRecordLen_1 | TLSAppData_0 | TLSAppData_1 | PacketTime |
|---:|-------------:|-------------:|----------------:|----------------:|-------------:|-------------:|-----------------:|:-----------------|---------------:|:---------------|-------------:|
| 0 | 117 | 66 | 117 | 66 | 20 | 20 | 46 | nan | nan | nan | 4.5e-05 |
| 1 | 117 | 66 | 117 | 66 | 20 | 20 | 46 | nan | nan | nan | 2.4e-05 |
| 2 | 117 | 66 | 117 | 66 | 20 | 20 | 46 | nan | nan | nan | 2.7e-05 |
| 3 | 117 | 66 | 117 | 66 | 20 | 20 | 46 | nan | nan | nan | 2.4e-05 |
| 4 | 117 | 66 | 117 | 66 | 20 | 20 | 46 | nan | nan | nan | 1.1e-05 |