Да, вам не хватает того факта, что узлы, которые вы пытаетесь очистить, находятся внутри определенного пространства имен c xml. Удалите пространство имен, и вам будет хорошо go.
url %>% read_xml() %>% xml_ns_strip() %>% xml_nodes("nameOfIssuer") %>% xml_text()
#> [1] "BANCORP 34 INC" "BANC OF CALIFORNIA INC"
#> [3] "BANKWELL FINL GROUP INC" "CBM BANCORP INC"
#> [5] "CARTER BK & TR MARTINSVILLE" "CITIZENS FINL GROUP"
#> [7] "CIVISTA BANCSHARES INC" "COLUMBIA FINL INC"
#> [9] "CONNECTONE BANCORP INC NEW" "FSB BANCORP INC"
#> [11] "FIRST UTD CORP" "HV BANCORP INC"
#> [13] "HARBORONE BANCORP INC NEW" "INVESTORS BANCORP INC NEW"
#> [15] "MSB FINL CORP NEW" "MALVERN BANCORP INC"
#> [17] "MID SOUTHERN BANCORP INC" "NORTHEAST BK LEWISTON ME"
#> [19] "PB BANCORP INC" "PEAPACK-GLADSTONE FINL CORP"
#> [21] "PIONEER BANCORP INC" "PROVIDENT BANCORP INC"
#> [23] "PRUDENTIAL BANCORP INC NEW" "RICHMOND MUT BANCORPORATIN I"
#> [25] "SELECT BANCORP INC NEW" "STERLING BANCORP DEL"
#> [27] "WATERSTONE FINL INC MD" "WINTRUST FINL CORP"