Один из способов - использовать функцию patindex:
declare @s varchar(100)
declare @i1 int
declare @s2 varchar(100)
declare @i2 int
declare @s3 varchar(100)
declare @i3 int
declare @s4 varchar(100)
declare @i4 int
declare @secondInt int
set @s = 'alpha123beta3140gamma789'
set @i1 = PATINDEX('%[0-9]%', @s)
set @s2 = SUBSTRING(@s, @i1, 100)
set @i2 = PATINDEX('%[^0-9]%', @s2)
set @s3 = SUBSTRING(@s2, @i2, 100)
set @i3 = PATINDEX('%[0-9]%', @s3)
set @s4 = SUBSTRING(@s3, @i3, 100)
set @i4 = PATINDEX('%[^0-9]%', @s4)
set @secondInt = CAST(SUBSTRING(@s4, 1, @i4-1) as int)
select @s, @secondInt